docker第二期常用命令

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-16 13:22:23 发布

学习上的Monkey

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-16 13:22:23 发布

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分类专栏： docker 从入门到精通文章标签：架构后端运维开发

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32798897/article/details/121499453

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常用命令

镜像命令
容器命令
拓展命令

以下之列出常用命令，具体的命令可以使用 --help 查看。或者去网站命令大全查看

镜像命令

查找所需镜像

$ sudo docker search php
NAME                           DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
php                            While designed for web development, the PHP …   6276      [OK]       
phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin          A web interface for MySQL and MariaDB.          1140                 [OK]
adminer                        Database management in a single PHP file.       636       [OK]       
phpmyadmin                     phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   380       [OK]       
webdevops/php-nginx            Nginx with PHP-FPM                              212                  [OK]
php-zendserver                 Zend Server - the integrated PHP application…   200       [OK]

拉取镜像

> $ sudo docker pull php
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/php
eff15d958d66: Pull complete 
933427dc39f7: Pull complete 
35bb08dc7ee2: Pull complete 
58a3f26800d7: Pull complete 
1dc176a6a0e0: Pull complete 
d94706221d1b: Pull complete 
1b6af332d4c1: Pull complete 
daae188bbaa3: Pull complete 
99734ab788a5: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:5c1eabac56c89b7c5397b7de706b8532ed115af6bedf6efe13640f695afbc9ef
Status: Downloaded newer image for php:latest
docker.io/library/php:latest

当不指定tag时拉取下来的就是最新的，当然也可以向下面这样指定的

> $ sudo docker pull php:8.0.13
8.0.13: Pulling from library/php
Digest: sha256:5c1eabac56c89b7c5397b7de706b8532ed115af6bedf6efe13640f695afbc9ef
Status: Downloaded newer image for php:8.0.13
docker.io/library/php:8.0.13

查看镜像

我们可以看到刚刚pull下来的两个镜像都有了。

lighthouse@VM-8-11-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED      SIZE
php          8.0.13    01ce2cfc916a   4 days ago   476MB
php          latest    01ce2cfc916a   4 days ago   476MB

删除镜像

如果我们需要删除第一个拉取下来的镜像，我直接执行：

lighthouse@VM-8-11-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker rmi -f php:latest
Untagged: php:latest
lighthouse@VM-8-11-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED      SIZE
php          8.0.13    01ce2cfc916a   4 days ago   476MB

容器命令

运行容器

lighthouse@VM-8-11-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run --name myphp php:latest
Unable to find image 'php:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/php
Digest: sha256:5c1eabac56c89b7c5397b7de706b8532ed115af6bedf6efe13640f695afbc9ef
Status: Downloaded newer image for php:latest
47afd641e9e50245056414a44d6bbe001502ba527f9d549138723dfdc85fadaa

参数说明：
1. -d: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID；
2. --name="myphp": 为容器指定一个名称；
3. -t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；
4.  ... 还有很多参数可以参考文档

后台启动容器

root@VM-8-11-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker run -d centos
f2a50995b32a3ec03fe828e44ee052da518d09a092413a0919634b802fa2520e
root@VM-8-11-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
f2a50995b32a   centos    "/bin/bash"   6 seconds ago   Exited (0) 5 seconds ago             affectionate_satoshi

# 问题docker ps，发现centos 停止了
# 这里有个常见的问题，docker容器使用后台运行，必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用会自动停止。
# php容器启动后，发现自己没有踢动服务，就会立刻停止，就表示没有程序了。

查看容器

我们可以看到运行的容器是退出的也就是不在后台运行了

lighthouse@VM-8-11-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE        COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                      PO
RTS     NAMES
47afd641e9e5   php:latest   "docker-php-entrypoi…"   12 minutes ago   Exited (0) 12 minutes ago     
        myphp

// 查看正在运行的容器
lighthouse@VM-8-11-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED       STATUS       PORTS     NAMES
45678eaa1fb6   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago   Up 2 hours   80/tcp    mynginx

在这我们发现明明 -d 为何还是退出了，这是因为没有前台运行进程，如果想要让它在后台运行也是有办法的。
docker run -it 就可以了

lighthouse@VM-8-11-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run --name=myphp -d -it php:latest
5d6ed68ee6f7662d7973a92ab9cdc6ad6523e7d7b48ff50b58cf81178f585c64
lighthouse@VM-8-11-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE        COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                                  NAMES
5d6ed68ee6f7   php:latest   "docker-php-entrypoi…"   6 seconds ago   Up 5 seconds

查看容器的信息/元数据

lighthouse@VM-8-11-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker inspect 5d6ed68ee6f7
[
    {
        "Id": "5d6ed68ee6f7662d7973a92ab9cdc6ad6523e7d7b48ff50b58cf81178f585c64",
        "Created": "2021-11-24T09:03:13.752426576Z",
        "Path": "docker-php-entrypoint",
        "Args": [
            "php",
            "-a"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-11-24T09:03:14.09133713Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2021-11-24T09:03:14.127123376Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:01ce2cfc916a6b519eda5e8fa22416e7830c1b51e644bd8647d5c24ac24fe5bd",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/47afd641e9e50245056414a44d6bbe001502ba527f9d54
9138723dfdc85fadaa/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/47afd641e9e50245056414a44d6bbe001502ba527f9d5491
38723dfdc85fadaa/hostname",

容器删除

docker rm 容器id #单个删除
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 全部删除需要root命令
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm # 删除所有

lighthouse@VM-8-11-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker rm 47afd641e9e5
47afd641e9e5
lighthouse@VM-8-11-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

// 删除所有需要root权限 
lighthouse@VM-8-11-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
Got permission denied while trying to connect to the Docker daemon socket at unix:///var/run/docker.
sock: Get "http://%2Fvar%2Frun%2Fdocker.sock/v1.24/containers/json?all=1": dial unix /var/run/docker
.sock: connect: permission denied
"docker rm" requires at least 1 argument.
lighthouse@VM-8-11-ubuntu:~$ su root
Password: 
root@VM-8-11-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                      
PORTS     NAMES
03332f38e0ba   php:latest     "docker-php-entrypoi…"   11 minutes ago   Exited (0) 11 minutes ago   
          myphp
1fecd247f3fd   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago      Up 2 hours                  
80/tcp    mynginx
root@VM-8-11-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
03332f38e0ba
45678eaa1fb6

停止容器

docker stop 容器id

root@VM-8-11-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker stop 1fecd247f3fd
1fecd247f3fd

启动容器

docker start 容器id

root@VM-8-11-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker start 1fecd247f3fd
1fecd247f3fd

进入容器

docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]

OPTIONS说明：

-d: 分离模式:在后台运行
-i: 即使没有附加也保持STDIN打开
-t: 分配一个伪终端

root@VM-8-11-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker exec -it mynginx /bin/sh
#

也可以用容器id进入

root@VM-8-11-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker exec -it 1fecd247f3fd /bin/sh
#

docker attach 容器名/容器ID 连接正在运行中的容器

退出容器

exit
Ctrl+P+Q 保持后台运行不断开
ctrl+D

拓展命令

docker stop $(docker ps -aq) && docker rm $(docker ps -aq) // 停止所有容器并删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q | docker rm /// 删除所有停止的容器
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm // 删除所有停止的容器
docker images -a -q| xargs docker rmi // 删除所有镜像

学习上的Monkey

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docker第二期常用命令

常用命令容器的操作镜像仓库（远程）查找所需镜像拉取镜像本地镜像管理查看镜像删除镜像查看容器容器拉取容器的操作镜像仓库（远程）查找所需镜像docker search [OPTIONS] TERMOPTIONS 说明：-f <过滤条件>：列出收藏数不小于指定值的镜像–automated: 只列出automated build类型的镜像；–no-trunc: 显示完整的镜像描述比如我们想查找 php的镜像，我们可以直接在命令行里执行sudo docker search php
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