注:本人所有的spring-cloud系列的文章均为黑马的《Spring Cloud微服务架构开发》的个人笔记。
Eureka高可用,理论上使得微服务架构已经很完美了,考虑到机器自身硬件条件的限制,面对流量高峰,系统仍然存在宕机的可能。此时,当Ribbon和Eureka实现负载均衡,将用户请求分摊到多个服务上,就能大大减少访问服务压力,让系统能达到更好的负载能力。
Ribbon作为服务消费者的负载均衡器,有两种使用方式,一是与RestTemplate结合,另一种是与Feign结合。此为第一种
1.改造服务提供者
后续会在服务消费者上集成Ribbon实现客户端负载均衡。
为验证服务消费者调用的是哪一个服务提供者的服务,改造服务提供者提供“/port” API,用于返回端口号。
在项目eureka-provider和eureka-provider-another中新建controller包,并创建PortController类,用于返回当前项目的端口号
package com.li.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController /*@RestController将此类标注为一个Controller*/
public class PortController {
@Value("${server.port}") /*@Value获取配置文件中的值*/
String port;
@GetMapping("port") /*@RequestMapping 提供给外界调用的接口*/
public String getPort(){
return "Hello world,I'm from port:"+port;
}
}
2.搭建含有Ribbon的服务消费者
使用spring Initializr创建一个eureka-ribbon-client的SpringBoot模块(项目也可以),添加eureka-client、ribbon、web依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.7.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.li</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-ribbon-client</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>eureka-ribbon-client</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3.在全局配置文件application.yml中进行相关配置
spring:
application:
name:eureka-ribbon-client
server:
port: 8764
eureka:
client:
service-url:
default: http://localhost:7000/eureka/
4.在项目启动类中激活eureka client相关配置,@EnableEurekaClient
5.创建config包后创建配置类RibbonConfig
package com.li.eurekaribbonclient.config;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration /*标记为配置类*/
public class RibbonConfig {
@Bean /*添加到Spring容器中需要此注解*/
@LoadBalanced /*赋予RestTemplate负载均衡功能*/
public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
return builder.build();
}
}
7.创建service类
package com.li.eurekaribbonclient.service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Service
public class RibbonService {
@Autowired /*在spring容器中获取对象*/
RestTemplate restTemplate;
public String hi(){
return restTemplate.getForObject
("http://eureka-provider/port",String.class);
}
}
8. 创建RibbonController
package com.li.eurekaribbonclient.controller;
import com.itheima.eurekaribbonclient.service.RibbonService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class RibbonController {
@Autowired
RibbonService ribbonService;
@GetMapping("/hi")
public String hi(){
return ribbonService.hi();
}
}
9.测试运行
依次启动服务器eureka-server,eureka-server-another,服务提供者eureka-provider,eureka-provider-another,服务消费者eureka-ribbon-client,浏览器访问http://server1:7000 与http://server2:7009
10异常可能性
原因1:
Application启动类的位置不对.要将Application类放在最外侧,即包含所有子包
原因:spring-boot会自动加载启动类所在包下及其子包下的所有组件.
11.使用浏览器多次访问localhost:8764/hi