剑指offer E4 替换空格为20%

/**
 * 题目：请实现一个函数，将一个字符串中的每个空格替换成“%20”。
 * 例如，当字符串为We Are Happy.则经过替换之后的字符串为We%20Are%20Happy。
 *
 * 思路：O(n),先从头到尾扫描所有空格个数m，
 * 新字符串的长度为n+2m
 * 从字符串末尾开始移动字符
 */
public class E4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        char a[] = new char[1000];
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("input a string: ");
        while (scanner.hasNext()) {
            String s = scanner.nextLine();
            for (int i=0; i<s.length();i++) {
                a[i] = s.charAt(i);
            }
            replaceBlankChar(a);
            System.out.println("result: "+String.valueOf(a));
            System.out.print("input a string: ");
        }
    }

    private static void replaceBlankChar(char[] a) {
        if (a == null || a.length == 0) {
            return;
        }
        int originalLength = 0;
        int blankLength = 0;
        for (int i=0;i<a.length;i++) {
            if (a[i] == '\0') {
                break;
            }
            if (a[i] == ' '){
                blankLength++;
            }
            originalLength++;
        }
        int newLength = originalLength + 2*blankLength;
        if (originalLength == 0 || newLength>a.length) {
            return;
        }
        for (int i=originalLength-1, j=newLength-1; i>=0 && j>i; i--) {
            if (a[i] == ' ') {
                a[j--] = '0';
                a[j--] = '2';
                a[j--] = '%';
            } else {
                a[j--] = a[i];
            }
        }
    }

}