人脸检测新手入门篇

人脸检测分为以下步骤：

1.打开摄像头

cap=cv2.VideoCapture(0)
success,frame=cap.read()

2.使用分类器（opencv自带的分类器haar与lbp）

classifier=cv2.CascadeClassifier("haarcascade_frontalface_alt.xml")

3.检测出人脸后标识

for faceRect in faceRects:
    x,y,w,h=faceRect
    cv2.circle(frame,(x+w/2,y+h/2),min(w/2,h/2),(255,0,0),3)
4.保存照片以及截取人脸图像

保存5张照片：num=num+1
if num<=5:
     # cv2.imwrite('E:\IBM\python\opencv\img\%s.jpg'%(str(num)),frame)
     cv2.imwrite('%s.jpg'%(str(num)),frame)
截取人脸图：
for (x1,y1,x2,y2) in faces:
    file_name = os.path.join(save_dir,str(count)+".jpg")
    Image.open(image_name).crop((x1,y1,x2,y2)).save(file_name)
    count+=1
5.最后是窗口以及摄像头关闭，释放内存
cap.release()#把摄像头关了
cv2.destroyWindow("test")
代码如下：

<pre name="code" class="html">#coding:GBK
import os
import cv2
from PIL import Image,ImageDraw
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


cv2.namedWindow("test")
cap=cv2.VideoCapture(0)
success,frame=cap.read()
classifier=cv2.CascadeClassifier("haarcascade_frontalface_alt.xml")
# eye_cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier('haarcascade_eye.xml')
num=0

while success:

    success,frame=cap.read()

    size=frame.shape[:2]
    image=np.zeros(size,dtype=np.float16)
    image=cv2.cvtColor(frame,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

    #存储照片开始
    key=cv2.waitKey(100)#里面数字为delay时间，如果大于0为刷新时间，
    #超过指定时间则返回-1，等于0没有返回值,但也可以读取键盘数值，

    num=num+1
    if num<=5:
         # cv2.imwrite('E:\IBM\python\opencv\img\%s.jpg'%(str(num)),frame)
         cv2.imwrite('%s.jpg'%(str(num)),frame)


    cv2.equalizeHist(image,image)
    divisor=8
    h,w=size
    minSize=(w/divisor,h/divisor)
    faceRects=classifier.detectMultiScale(image,1.1,3,cv2.CASCADE_SCALE_IMAGE,minSize)
    if len(faceRects)>0:
        for faceRect in faceRects:
            x,y,w,h=faceRect
            cv2.circle(frame,(x+w/2,y+h/2),min(w/2,h/2),(255,0,0),3)
            cv2.circle(frame,(x+w/2,y+h/2),min(w/8,h/8),(0,122,0),3)
            cv2.circle(frame,(x+w/4,y+h/4),min(w/8,h/8),(0,0,255),3)
            cv2.circle(frame,(x+3*w/4,y+h/4),min(w/8,h/8),(0,0,255),3)

            cv2.rectangle(frame,(x+3*w/8,y+3*h/4),(x+5*w/8,y+7*h/8),(0,255,0),3)
    cv2.imshow("test",frame)

    if key==ord('q'):#ord为键盘输入对应的整数,
        break




def detectFaces(image_name):
    img = cv2.imread(image_name)
    # face_cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier("haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml")

    if img.ndim == 3:
        gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    else:
        gray = img #if语句：如果img维度为3，说明不是灰度图，先转化为灰度图gray，如果不为3，也就是2，原图就是灰度图

    faces = classifier.detectMultiScale(gray, 1.3, 5)#1.3和5是特征的最小、最大检测窗口，它改变检测结果也会改变
    result = []
    for (x,y,width,height) in faces:
        result.append((x,y,x+width,y+height))
    return result


#保存人脸图
def saveFaces(image_name):
    faces = detectFaces(image_name)
    if faces:
        #将人脸保存在save_dir目录下。
        #Image模块：Image.open获取图像句柄，crop剪切图像(剪切的区域就是detectFaces返回的坐标)，save保存。
        save_dir = image_name.split('.')[0]+"_faces"
        os.mkdir(save_dir)
        count = 0
        for (x1,y1,x2,y2) in faces:
            file_name = os.path.join(save_dir,str(count)+".jpg")
            Image.open(image_name).crop((x1,y1,x2,y2)).save(file_name)
            count+=1
        return file_name

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # filePath='E:\IBM\python\opencv\img' eval
    # eachFile(filePath)
    for i in range(1, 5):
        IMG_FILE = eval('str(i) + ".jpg"')


        if saveFaces(IMG_FILE):
            print("人脸保存成功"+IMG_FILE)
        else:
            print("保存失败，可能不是人脸"+IMG_FILE)

cap.release()#把摄像头关了
cv2.destroyWindow("test")