设计模式——单例模式（C++11实现）

C++11实现泛型单例模式，支持任意参数类的对象创建。采用了C++11的可变参数模板和完美转发技术

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <stdexcept>

using namespace std;

//单例类，包含任意参数的类实例。
template <typename T>
class Singleton
{
public:
    template <typename... Args>    //C++11可变参数模板
    static T * Instance(Args&&... args)
    {
        if(m_pInstance==nullptr)
        {
            //使用完美转发，避免不必要的内存复制
            m_pInstance=new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...); 
        }
        return m_pInstance;
    }

    static T* GetInstance()
    {
        if(m_pInstance==nullptr)
        {
            throw logic_error("the instance is not init,please initialize the instance first");
        }
        return m_pInstance;
    }

    static void DestroyInstance()
    {
        delete m_pInstance;
        m_pInstance=nullptr;
    }

private:
    Singleton(void);
    Singleton(const Singleton&);
    Singleton& operator=(const Singleton&);

    virtual ~Singleton(void);


private:
    static T* m_pInstance; //类实例
};

template <typename T>
T* Singleton<T>::m_pInstance=nullptr;


struct A
{
    A(const string &)
    {
        cout<<"lvalue"<<endl;
    }
    A(const string &&x)
    {
        cout<<"rvalue"<<endl;
    }
};

struct B
{
    B(const string &)
    {
        cout<<"lvalue"<<endl;
    }
    B(const string &&x)
    {
        cout<<"rvalue"<<endl;
    }
};

struct C
{
    C(int x,double y)
    {
        cout<<"C: "<<x<<" "<<y<<endl;
    }
    void fun()
    {
        cout<<"test"<<endl;
    }

};


int main()
{
    cout<<"test begin"<<endl;
    string str="bb";
    Singleton<A>::Instance(str);

    Singleton<B>::Instance(move(str));

    Singleton<C>::Instance(1,3.14);
    Singleton<C>::GetInstance()->fun();

    Singleton<A>::DestroyInstance();
    Singleton<C>::DestroyInstance();
    return 0;
}