设计模式——备忘录模式（C++实现）

备忘录模式

              在不破坏封装性的前提下，捕获一个对象的内部状态，并在该对象之外保存这个状态。这样以后接可将该对象恢复到原先保存的状态。

适用场景

        1、必须保存一个对象在某一个时刻的 (部分)状态, 这样以后需要时它才能恢复到先前的状态。
        2、如果一个用接口来让其它对象直接得到这些状态，将会暴露对象的实现细节并破坏对象的封装性。
      

采用菜鸟教程的例子，这里用C++实现

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

class Memento
{
public:
	Memento(string tstate) { state = tstate; };
	~Memento() {};
	string getState() { return state; };
private:
	string state;
};

class Originator
{
public:
	Originator() {};
	~Originator() {};

	void setState(string tstate) { state = tstate; };
	string getState() { return state; };
	Memento* saveStateToMemento() { return new Memento(state); };
	void getStateFromMemento(Memento *Memento) { state = Memento->getState(); };
private:
	string state;
};

class CareTaker
{
public:
	CareTaker() {};
	~CareTaker() {
		vector<Memento*>::iterator it;
		for (it = mementoList.begin(); it != mementoList.end(); ++it)
		{
			delete (*it);
			(*it) = NULL;
		}
	};
	void add(Memento *state) {mementoList.push_back(state);}

	Memento* get(int index) {return mementoList[index];}
private:
	vector<Memento*> mementoList;
};

int main()
{
	Originator *originator = new Originator();
	CareTaker *careTaker = new CareTaker();
	originator->setState("State #1");
	originator->setState("State #2");
	careTaker->add(originator->saveStateToMemento());
	originator->setState("State #3");
	careTaker->add(originator->saveStateToMemento());
	originator->setState("State #4");

	cout<<"Current State: " << originator->getState()<<endl;
	originator->getStateFromMemento(careTaker->get(0));
	cout<<"First saved State: " << originator->getState() << endl;
	originator->getStateFromMemento(careTaker->get(1));
	cout << "Second saved State: " << originator->getState() << endl;

	delete originator;
	originator = NULL;

	delete careTaker;
	careTaker = NULL;
}

在visual studio 2015上运行结果：