JDK 源码：Enum

Enum 是一个抽象类，它是所有枚举类型的父类。以下是 JDK 8 中 Enum 类的部分源代码：

public abstract class Enum<E extends Enum<E>> implements Comparable<E>, Serializable {
    private final String name;
    private final int ordinal;

    protected Enum(String name, int ordinal) {
        this.name = name;
        this.ordinal = ordinal;
    }

    public final String name() {
        return name;
    }

    public final int ordinal() {
        return ordinal;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return name;
    }

    public final boolean equals(Object other) {
        return this == other;
    }

    public final int hashCode() {
        return super.hashCode();
    }

    protected final Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        throw new CloneNotSupportedException();
    }

    public final int compareTo(E o) {
        Enum<?> other = (Enum<?>) o;
        Enum<E> self = this;
        if (self.getClass() != other.getClass() && // optimization
            self.getDeclaringClass() != other.getDeclaringClass())
            throw new ClassCastException();
        return self.ordinal - other.ordinal;
    }

    public final Class<E> getDeclaringClass() {
        Class<?> clazz = getClass();
        Class<?> zuper = clazz.getSuperclass();
        return (zuper == Enum.class) ? (Class<E>) clazz : (Class<E>) zuper;
    }

    public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T> enumType, String name) {
        T result = enumType.enumConstantDirectory().get(name);
        if (result != null)
            return result;
        if (name == null)
            throw new NullPointerException("Name is null");
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
            "No enum constant " + enumType.getCanonicalName() + "." + name);
    }

    protected final void finalize() { }
}

Enum 类提供了许多方法来处理枚举类型，例如获取枚举常量的名称和序号，比较枚举常量的顺序，获取声明枚举常量的类等。它还定义了 valueOf 方法，用于根据枚举常量的名称获取枚举实例。