nethttp 用法

net/http 是 Go 语言的标准库之一，用于实现 HTTP 客户端和服务端。下面是如何使用 net/http 发送 HTTP 请求的一些基本示例。

1. 发送 GET 请求

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	resp, err := http.Get("https://api.example.com/data")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error:", err)
		return
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error reading response body:", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Println("Response Status:", resp.Status)
	fmt.Println("Response Body:", string(body))
}

2. 发送 POST 请求

package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	payload := map[string]string{"key": "value"}

	jsonPayload, err := json.Marshal(payload)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error marshaling JSON payload:", err)
		return
	}

	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://api.example.com/data", bytes.NewBuffer(jsonPayload))
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error creating request:", err)
		return
	}
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")

	client := &http.Client{}
	resp, err := client.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error:", err)
		return
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error reading response body:", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Println("Response Status:", resp.Status)
	fmt.Println("Response Body:", string(body))
}

3. 发送带有自定义头的 GET 请求

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "https://api.example.com/data", nil)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error creating request:", err)
		return
	}
	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")

	client := &http.Client{}
	resp, err := client.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error:", err)
		return
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error reading response body:", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Println("Response Status:", resp.Status)
	fmt.Println("Response Body:", string(body))
}

4. 发送带有身份验证的 GET 请求

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "https://api.example.com/data", nil)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error creating request:", err)
		return
	}
	req.SetBasicAuth("username", "password")

	client := &http.Client{}
	resp, err := client.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error:", err)
		return
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error reading response body:", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Println("Response Status:", resp.Status)
	fmt.Println("Response Body:", string(body))
}

5. 使用 HTTP 客户端配置

你可以通过创建 http.Client 实例并设置其属性来配置客户端的行为，例如设置超时、TLS 配置等。

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

func main() {
	client := &http.Client{
		Timeout: time.Second * 10,
	}

	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "https://api.example.com/data", nil)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error creating request:", err)
		return
	}

	resp, err := client.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error:", err)
		return
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error reading response body:", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Println("Response Status:", resp.Status)
	fmt.Println("Response Body:", string(body))
}

这些示例展示了如何使用 net/http 库发送 GET 和 POST 请求，并处理响应。你可以根据自己的需求调整这些代码。如果需要更高级的功能，例如错误处理、重试机制等，你可以查阅 Go 的官方文档来获取更多信息。