Computer Networks&Applications Notes--计算机网络与应用笔记1

@[TOC](Computer Networks&Applications Notes–计算机网络与应用笔记1)¹

1.What is the Internet.

1. Internet: “networks of networks”
2. protocol(协议): 控制接收和发送消息
   e.g. TCP, IP, HTTP.
3. Internet standerds.网络标准
4. Infrastructure that provides services to applications.为应用程序提供服务的基础架构
5. provides programming interfacing to apps. 提供与应用程序接口的项目

2. What is the protocol.

1. protocols define format, order of msgs sent and received among network entities, and actions taken on msg transmission, receipt.

• 协议定义在网络实体之间发送和接收的消息的顺序和格式，以及对消息传输，接收所采取的动作。

2. all communication activity in Internet governed by protocols.

• 互联网中的所有交流活动都被协议管理

3.Packet Switching

1. Data is sent as chunks of formatted bits (Packets). 数据以chunk的形式被发送
2. Packets consist of a “header” and “payload”.数据包包含header 和 payload两部分组成
3. Switches “forward” packets based on their headers. 交互是基于头部的
4. Each packet travels independently. 每个数据包独立传播

4.Delay延迟

1. Four sources of packet delay: Processing, queueing, transmission, propagation
2. Processing Delay: check bit error, determine output link
3. Queueing Delay: time watching at output link for transmission, depends on congestion level of router.
4. Transmission delay: L-- packet length(bits), R-- link bandwidth(bps). $$DELA{Y}_{trans}=L/R$$
5. Propagation delay: d – length of physical link, s – propagation speed in medium.$$DELA{Y}_{prop}=d/s$$

5. Quiz

Q1. Which of the following delays is significantly affected by the load in the network?

Answer: Queuing delay 

Q2. Packet switching, instead of circuit switching, is generally used to transfer data in the Internet.

Answer: True

Q3. Propagation delay depends on the size of the packet.

Answer: False

Q4. Consider a packet that has just arrived at a router. What is the correct order of the delays encountered by the packet until it reaches the next-hop router?

Answer:  Processing, queuing, transmission, propagation Correct

Q5. It seems you need very small delay in the network to be able to control such machines remotely. Which of the following improvements could help reduce the delay most effectively?

Answer: Reduce packet header size

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1. UNSW COMP9311 Computer Networks&Applications week1 lecture slide ↩︎