numpy基础操作

import numpy as np

print(np.version)

# print(“使用列表生成一维数组”)

# data = [[[1,2]]]

# x = np.array(data)

# print(x)

# print(type(x))

print(x.dtype)

print(x.ndim)

print(x.itemsize)

print(x.flags)

print(x.real)

print(x.imag)

print(x.data)

print(“使用列表生成二维数组”)

data = [[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]]

x = np.array(data)

print(x)

print(x.ndim)

print(x.shape)

print(“使用zeros/ones/empty创建数组:通过shape来创建”)

x = np.zeros((2,3),dtype=np.int8)

print(x)

print(x.dtype)

x[0][0]=-129

print(x[0][0])

x = np.ones((4,5),dtype=np.float32)

print(x)

print(x.dtype)

print(“使用arange生成连续的元素”)

print(np.arange(6))

print(np.arange(1,6,2))

print(“使用astype复制数组，并且转换类型”)

x = np.array([128,2,3,4,5],dtype=np.int32)

y = x.astype(dtype=np.int8)#精度损失

print(x)

print(y)

z = y.astype(np.float64)

print(y)

print(z)

print(“将字符串元素转为数值元素”)

x = np.array([‘1’,‘2’,‘3’,‘4’,‘5’],dtype=np.string_)

y = x.astype(np.int8)#如果元素中有不为数字的元素，则会抛出异常

print(x)

print(y)

print(“使用其他的数组的数据类型作为参数”)

x = np.array([1,2,3,4],dtype=np.float64)

y = np.arange(3,dtype=np.int32)

print(y)

print(y.astype(x.dtype))

print(“ndarray数组与标量/数组的运算”)

x = np.array([1,2,3,])

print(x*2)

print(x>2)

y = np.array([2,3,4])

print(x*y)

print(x>y)

print(“ndarray的基本索引”)

x = np.array([[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]])

print(x.shape)

print(x[0])

print(x[0][1])

print(x[0,1])

x = np.array([[[1,2],[3,4]],[[5,6],[7,8]]])

print(x.shape)

print(x[0])

print(x[0][1])

print(x[0,1,0])

y = x[0].copy()#生成一个副本

z = x[0]#未生成副本

print(y)

print(y[0,0])

y[0,0] = 9

z[0,0] = -1

print(y)

print(x)

print(z)

print(“ndarray的切片”)

x = np.array([1,2,3,4,5])

print(x[1:3])

print(x[:3])

print(x[1:])

print(x[:])

print(x[0:4:2])

x = np.array([[1,2],
[3,4],
[5,6]])
print(x.shape)

print(x[:2])

print(x[:2,:1])

print(x[:2][:1])

x[:2,:1] = 0
print(x)

x[:2,:1] = [[9],[8]]

print(x)

x = np.arange(24).reshape((2,3,4))

print(x)

print(x[:2,:1,:1])

print(“ndarray布尔型索引”)

x = np.array([3,2,3,1,3,0])

y = np.array([True,True,True,False,False,False])

print(x[y])

print(x[y==False])

print(x>=3)

print(x[x>=3])

print(x[(x2) | (x1)])

x[(x2) | (x1)] = 0

print(x)

print(“ndarray的花式索引：使用整型数组作为索引”)

x = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6])

print(x[[0,1,2]])

print(x[[-1,-2,-3]])

x = np.array([[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]])

print(x[[0,1]])

print(x[[[0,1,2],[0,1,0]]])

print(x[[0,1]][:1,[0,1]])

# x = np.arange(24).reshape((4,3,2))

# print(x)

# print(x[[0,1,2,3],[1],[1]])

print(“ndarray数组的转置和轴对称”)

k = np.arange(12).reshape((3,4))

print(k)

#转置

print(k.T)

#内积（点乘）

print(np.dot(k,k.T))

#高维数组的轴对象

k = np.arange(24).reshape(2,3,4)

print(k)

print(k[1][1][1])

#轴变换

k = k.transpose(2,1,0)

print(k.shape)

#轴变换做转置

x = np.arange(6).reshape(2,3)

print(x)

x = x.transpose(1,0)

print(x)

#轴交换

x = x.swapaxes(1,0)

print(x)

print(“numpy的基本统计方法”)

x = np.array([[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]])

print(x.shape)

print(x.mean())

print(x.mean(axis=1))

print(x.mean(axis=0))

print(x.sum())

print(x.sum(axis=1))

print(x.max())

print(x.max(axis=1))

print(".sort就地排序")

x = np.array([[6,1,3],[1,5,2]])

x.sort(axis=0)

print(x)

print(“ndarray的存取”)

x = np.array([[1,6,2],[6,1,3],[1,5,2]])

np.save(“file”,x)#以二进制.npy保存

y = np.load(“file.npy”)

print(y)

print(“矩阵求逆”)

x = np.array([[1,1],[1,2]])

y = np.linalg.inv(x)

print(y)

print(x.dot(y))

print(“numpy中的随机数”)

x = np.random.randint(0,2,size=10000)#抛硬币

print((x>0).sum())#正面的次数

print(‘where函数的使用’)

cond = np.array([True,False,False,False])

x = np.where(cond,-2,2)

print(x)

cond = np.array([1,2,3,4])

x = np.where(cond>2,-2,2)

print(x)