png转shp：栅格转矢量（面）

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最新推荐文章于 2025-03-26 17:21:28 发布

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分类专栏：整理不易文章标签： python 栅格转矢量 png\tiff 转 shp

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本文介绍如何使用Python将PNG或TIFF等栅格图像转换为SHP矢量文件，主要涉及栅格转矢量的地理信息系统处理。

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import gdal
from gdal import gdalconst
from osgeo import gdalconst, gdal, ogr, osr
import numpy as np
import os
import glob, threading

def vector2raster_line(inputfilePath, outputfile, templatefile):
    inputfilePath = inputfilePath
    outputfile = outputfile
    templatefile = templatefile
    data = gdal.Open(templatefile, gdalconst.GA_ReadOnly)
    x_res = data.RasterXSize
    y_res = data.RasterYSize
    vector = ogr.Open(inputfilePath)
    layer = vector.GetLayer()
    targetDataset = gdal.GetDriverByName('GTiff').Create(outputfile, x_res, y_res, 3, gdal.GDT_Byte)
    targetDataset.SetGeoTransform(data.GetGeoTransform())
    targetDataset.SetProjection(data.GetProjection())
    band = targetDataset.GetRasterBand(1)
    NoData_value = -999
    band.SetNoDataValue(NoData_value)
    band.FlushCache()
    gdal.RasterizeLayer(targetDataset, [1, 2, 3], layer, )


def raster2vector_line(inputfile_dir, outfile_dir):
    inputfile = inputfile_dir
    ds = gdal.Open(inputfile, gdal.GA_ReadOnly)
    srcband = ds.GetRasterBand(1)
    maskband = srcband.GetMaskBand()
    outfile = outfile_dir
    drv = ogr.GetDriverByName('ESRI Shapefile')
    dst_ds = drv.CreateDataSource(outfile)
    srs = None
    dst_layer = dst_ds.CreateLayer(outfile, srs=srs)
    dst_fieldname = 'DN'
    fd = ogr.FieldDefn(dst_fieldname, ogr.OFTInteger)
    dst_layer.CreateField(fd)
    dst_field = 0
    options = []
    gdal.Polygonize(srcband, maskband, dst_layer, dst_field, options)


def raster2poly(raster, outshp):
    inraster = gdal.Open(raster)  # 读取路径中的栅格数据
    inband = inraster.GetRasterBand(1)  # 这个波段就是最后想要转为矢量的波段，如果是单波段数据的话那就都是1
    prj = osr.SpatialReference()
    prj.ImportFromWkt(inraster.GetProjection())  # 读取栅格数据的投影信息，用来为后面生成的矢量做准备

    drv = ogr.GetDriverByName("ESRI Shapefile")
    if os.path.exists(outshp):  # 若文件已经存在，则删除它继续重新做一遍
        drv.DeleteDataSource(outshp)
    Polygon = drv.CreateDataSource(outshp)  # 创建一个目标文件
    Poly_layer = Polygon.CreateLayer(raster[:-4], srs=prj, geom_type=ogr.wkbMultiPolygon)  # 对shp文件创建一个图层，定义为多个面类
    newField = ogr.FieldDefn('value', ogr.OFTReal)  # 给目标shp文件添加一个字段，用来存储原始栅格的pixel value
    Poly_layer.CreateField(newField)

    gdal.FPolygonize(inband, None, Poly_layer, 0)  # 核心函数，执行的就是栅格转矢量操作
    Polygon.SyncToDisk()
    Polygon = None



if __name__=="__main__":
    img_dir = r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\target maps\*"
    save_dir = r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\shape_file/"
    img_list = glob.glob(img_dir)
    for i in range(len(img_list)):
        img = img_list[i]
        save_img = save_dir+img.split("\\")[-1][:-4] + ".shp"
        # threading.Thread(target=raster2vector_line, args=(img, save_img)).start()
        raster2poly(img, save_img)