C++设计模式——观察者模式（observer）

观察者模式

定义对象间的一种一对多的依赖关系，当一个对象的状态发送改变时，所以依赖于他的对象得到通知并被自动更新。
具体代码如下：

#pragma once
#ifndef OBSERVER_H
#define OBSERVER_H

#include<vector>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Subject;

class Observer {//抽象观察者
public:
	virtual int getState() = 0;
	virtual void update(Subject* subject) = 0;
	virtual ~Observer() {}
};

class Subject {//目标
public:
	void attach(Observer* observer) {
		observers.emplace_back(observer);
	}
	void detach(const int index) {
		observers.erase(observers.begin() + index);
	}
	void notify() {//一对多通知和更新
		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < observers.size(); ++i)
			observers.at(i)->update(this);
	}
	virtual int getState() = 0;
	virtual void setState(const int state) = 0;
	virtual ~Subject() {}
private:
	vector<Observer*> observers;
};
class ObserverA :public Observer {//具体观察者
public:
	ObserverA(const int state):observerA_state(state){}

	int getState() override {
		return observerA_state;
	}
	void update(Subject* subject) override {
		observerA_state = subject->getState();
		cout << "ObserverA State Update." << endl;
	}
private:
	int observerA_state;
};


class ConcreteSubject :public Subject {//具体目标
public:
	int getState() override{
		return subject_state;
	}
	void setState(const int state) override {
		subject_state = state;
	}
	virtual ~ConcreteSubject() {}
private:
	int subject_state;
};

#endif // !OBSERVER_H

在observer.h文件中，Subject目标基类的私有成员变量observers便是一对多的基础，通过notify方法，实现通知更新观察者的目的。测试代码如下：

#include<iostream>
#include"observer.h"
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	ObserverA* observer1= new ObserverA(1);
	ObserverA* observer2= new ObserverA(2);

	cout << "Observer1 state:" << observer1->getState() << endl;
	cout << "Observer2 state:" << observer2->getState() << endl;
	cout << "==============" << endl;

	Subject* subject = new ConcreteSubject();//多态创建
	subject->attach(observer1);
	subject->attach(observer2);

	subject->setState(10);
	subject->notify();//核心，实现观察者通知
	cout << "Observer1 state:" << observer1->getState() << endl;
	cout << "Observer2 state:" << observer2->getState() << endl;

	delete observer1, observer2, subject;
	return 0;
}

实验结果如下：