3.
OO原则:对扩展开放,对修改关闭
OO模式:装饰者模式——动态地将责任附加到对象上,想要扩展功能,装饰者提供有别于继承的另一种选择。
例子:咖啡店处理咖啡、配料的关系
public abstract class Beverage { String description = "Unknown Beverage"; public String getDescription() { return description; } public abstract double cost(); }
public abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage { public abstract String getDescription(); }
public class HouseBlend extends Beverage { public HouseBlend() { description = "House Blend Coffee"; } public double cost() { return .89; } }
public class DarkRoast extends Beverage { public DarkRoast() { description = "Dark Roast Coffee"; } public double cost() { return .99; } }
public class Soy extends CondimentDecorator { Beverage beverage; public Soy(Beverage beverage) { this.beverage = beverage; } public String getDescription() { return beverage.getDescription() + ", Soy"; } public double cost() { return .15 + beverage.cost(); } }
public class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator { Beverage beverage; public Mocha(Beverage beverage) { this.beverage = beverage; } public String getDescription() { return beverage.getDescription() + ", Mocha"; } public double cost() { return .20 + beverage.cost(); } }
public class Whip extends CondimentDecorator { Beverage beverage; public Whip(Beverage beverage) { this.beverage = beverage; } public String getDescription() { return beverage.getDescription() + ", Whip"; } public double cost() { return .10 + beverage.cost(); } }
public class StarbuzzCoffee { public static void main(String args[]) { Beverage beverage = new Espresso(); System.out.println(beverage.getDescription() + " $" + beverage.cost()); Beverage beverage2 = new DarkRoast(); beverage2 = new Mocha(beverage2); beverage2 = new Mocha(beverage2); beverage2 = new Whip(beverage2); System.out.println(beverage2.getDescription() + " $" + beverage2.cost()); Beverage beverage3 = new HouseBlend(); beverage3 = new Soy(beverage3); beverage3 = new Mocha(beverage3); beverage3 = new Whip(beverage3); System.out.println(beverage3.getDescription() + " $" + beverage3.cost()); } }
以下是上述类的关系图: