Ubuntu换镜像源以及安装Docker的步骤

第一步：进入官网

https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/

第二步：确保Ubuntu版本是否符合

第三步：Ubuntu命令查看版本号

cat /etc/issue

记住你的版本号！因为要添加对应的镜像源

第四步：更换 Ubuntu 镜像源

1 备份镜像源

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup

2 打开sources.list文件

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

3 编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list文件, 在文件最前面添加清华镜像源：（注意要清空文件再添加！）

注意：在以下网址中找到与版本号对应的镜像源

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/

以20.04为例子

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

4 刷新列表

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

sudo apt-get install build-essential

第五步：安装Docker

1 安装软件包以允许apt使用HTTPS的存储库

 sudo apt-get install \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg \
    lsb-release

2 添加Docker的官方GPG键

curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

3 使用以下命令设置稳定存储库

echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

4 安装Docker引擎

 sudo apt-get update

 sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

5 测试

sudo docker run hello-world

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