VS 多工程之间管理与调用（超详细）

				版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。					https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34719188/article/details/80956749				</div>
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						<p></p><div class="toc"><h3><a name="t0"></a>文章目录</h3><ul><ul><li><a href="#_1" rel="nofollow" target="_self">说明</a></li><li><a href="#_22" rel="nofollow" target="_self">配置过程描述</a></li><li><a href="#_47" rel="nofollow" target="_self">详细步骤</a></li><ul><li><a href="#1_VS_51" rel="nofollow" target="_self">1、打开 VS</a></li><li><a href="#2_55" rel="nofollow" target="_self">2、新建一个空的解决方案</a></li><li><a href="#3_4__59" rel="nofollow" target="_self">3、新建 4 个文件夹</a></li><li><a href="#4_65" rel="nofollow" target="_self">4、分别建立各自文件架下的工程</a></li><li><a href="#5_69" rel="nofollow" target="_self">5、书写源代码</a></li><li><a href="#6_335" rel="nofollow" target="_self">6、更改各种文件的生成路径</a></li><li><a href="#7_464" rel="nofollow" target="_self">7、添加引用</a></li></ul><li><a href="#_474" rel="nofollow" target="_self">失败总结</a></li><li><a href="#_488" rel="nofollow" target="_self">快速复制</a></li></ul></ul></div><p></p>

说明

---

本文是在前任的基础上总结完善而成的，中间走了不少弯路，希望后来人能够大树乘凉~~~

特别感谢以下两篇博文：

• yyhero1 - VS项目属性的一些配置项的总结（important）

• 演练：创建和使用动态链接库 (C++)

平台：Visual Studio 2013 ， Windows 10 OS

功能：本文实现了 VS 在同一解决方案下动态库，静态库，可执行文件的生成与调用

项目下载：MultiProj项目

配置过程描述

---

我们最终希望的多工程目录是这样的：

用思维导图表示是这样的：

链接：MultiProj 思维导图

VS工程下是这样的

这样做的好处是：

• 工作目录结构清晰
• 制作安装包时我们只需将 MultiProj/Bin/Release/ 目录下的所有文件打包即可
• 发布和转移源码的时候我们可以打包除 Temp 目录以外 MultiProj 下面的所有文件和目录（如果不需要执行档，也可不包括Bin）

详细步骤

---

1、打开 VS

2、新建一个空的解决方案

3、新建 4 个文件夹

这样做的好处是易于管理项目~~

4、分别建立各自文件架下的工程

5、书写源代码

MathFuncsDll 工程代码

stdafx.h (下文不再写此部分)

// stdafx.h : 标准系统包含文件的包含文件，
#pragma once
#include "targetver.h"

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN // 从 Windows 头文件中排除极少使用的信息
// Windows 头文件:
#include <windows.h>

// TODO: 在此处引用程序需要的其他头文件

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stdafx.cpp

// stdafx.cpp : 只包括标准包含文件的源文件
#include "stdafx.h"
// TODO:  在 STDAFX.H 中
// 引用任何所需的附加头文件，而不是在此文件中引用

 
 

 
 
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targetver.h (下文不再写此部分)

#pragma once

// 包括 SDKDDKVer.h 将定义可用的最高版本的 Windows 平台。

// 如果要为以前的 Windows 平台生成应用程序，请包括 WinSDKVer.h，并将
// WIN32_WINNT 宏设置为要支持的平台，然后再包括 SDKDDKVer.h。

#include <SDKDDKVer.h>

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dllmain.cpp (下文不再写此部分)

// dllmain.cpp : 定义 DLL 应用程序的入口点。
#include "stdafx.h"

BOOL APIENTRY DllMain( HMODULE hModule,
DWORD ul_reason_for_call,
LPVOID lpReserved
)
{
switch (ul_reason_for_call)
{
case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH:
case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
break;
}
return TRUE;
}

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MathFuncsDll.h

// MathFuncsDll.h

#ifdef MATHFUNCSDLL_EXPORTS
#define MATHFUNCSDLL_API __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define MATHFUNCSDLL_API __declspec(dllimport)
#endif

namespace MathFuncs
{
// This class is exported from the MathFuncsDll.dll
class MyMathFuncs
{
public:
// Returns a + b
static MATHFUNCSDLL_API double Add(double a, double b);

	<span class="token comment">// Returns a - b</span>
	<span class="token keyword">static</span> MATHFUNCSDLL_API <span class="token keyword">double</span> <span class="token function">Subtract</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">double</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">double</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	<span class="token comment">// Returns a * b</span>
	<span class="token keyword">static</span> MATHFUNCSDLL_API <span class="token keyword">double</span> <span class="token function">Multiply</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">double</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">double</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	<span class="token comment">// Returns a / b</span>
	<span class="token comment">// Throws const std::invalid_argument&amp; if b is 0</span>
	<span class="token keyword">static</span> MATHFUNCSDLL_API <span class="token keyword">double</span> <span class="token function">Divide</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">double</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">double</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

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MathFuncsDll.cpp

// MathFuncsDll.cpp : Defines the exported functions for the DLL application.
//

#include “stdafx.h”
#include “MathFuncsDll.h”
#include <stdexcept>

using namespace std;

namespace MathFuncs
{
double MyMathFuncs::Add(double a, double b)
{
return a + b;
}

<span class="token keyword">double</span> MyMathFuncs<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">Subtract</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">double</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">double</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	<span class="token keyword">return</span> a <span class="token operator">-</span> b<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">double</span> MyMathFuncs<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">Multiply</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">double</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">double</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	<span class="token keyword">return</span> a <span class="token operator">*</span> b<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">double</span> MyMathFuncs<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">Divide</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">double</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">double</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>b <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
		throw <span class="token function">invalid_argument</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"b cannot be zero!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

	<span class="token keyword">return</span> a <span class="token operator">/</span> b<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

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MathSquare 工程代码

square.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(){
cout << “Pls enter two number : \n”;
int a, b;
cin >> a >> b;
cout << a + b << endl;
return 0;
}

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MathAverageLib 工程代码

MathOperator.h

#pragma once
class MathOperator
{
public:
	MathOperator();
	~MathOperator();
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">getAverage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> b<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> c<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

};

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MathOperator.cpp

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "MathOperator.h"

MathOperator::MathOperator()
{
}

MathOperator::~MathOperator()
{
}

int MathOperator::getAverage(int a, int b, int c){
return ( a + b + c) / 3;
}

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Main工程代码

main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>

#include “MathOperator.h”
#include “MathFuncsDll.h”

using namespace std;

int main()
{
///test dll
double a = 7.4;
int b = 99;

cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"a + b = "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span>
	MathFuncs<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>MyMathFuncs<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">Add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"a - b = "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span>
	MathFuncs<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>MyMathFuncs<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">Subtract</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"a * b = "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span>
	MathFuncs<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>MyMathFuncs<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">Multiply</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"a / b = "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span>
	MathFuncs<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>MyMathFuncs<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">Divide</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

try
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"a / 0 = "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span>
		MathFuncs<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>MyMathFuncs<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">Divide</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
catch <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> invalid_argument <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"Caught exception: "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">what</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">/// test lib </span>
MathOperator mo<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"The average of 2, 4, 6 is: "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> mo<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAverage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">///test exe</span>
<span class="token function">WinExec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\"MathSquare.exe\""</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">system</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"pause"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

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部分代码讲解

6、更改各种文件的生成路径

首先看一下项目设置中可以使用的宏，常用的有：

宏名称	含义
$(ConfigurationName)	Debug或者Release
$(IntDir)	编译器使用的中间目录，产出obj二进制文件
$(OutDir)	链接器使用的输出目录
$(ProjectDir)	项目目录
$(ProjectName)	项目名字
$(SolutionDir)	解决方案目录
$(TargetDir)	目标输出文件所在的目录
$(TargetExt)	目标输出的扩展名
$(TargetFileName)	目标输出文件名，包括扩展名
$(TargetName)	目标输出名，不包括扩展名
$(TargetPath)	目标输出文件的全路径名

上面建立的 4 个工程要分别单独设置，每个工程又要分 Debug 和 Release 两种情况，所以要注意！！！

MathFuncsDll 属性设置

全局配置

• 配置属性 - 常规 - 输出目录：

$(SolutionDir)\Temp\Link\$(ProjectName)\$(ConfigurationName)

 
 

 
 
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• 配置属性 - 常规 - 中间目录：

$(SolutionDir)\Temp\Compile\$(ProjectName)\$(ConfigurationName)

 
 

 
 
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Release 模式

• 配置属性 - 生成事件 - 后期生成事件 - 命令行：

copy $(TargetPath)    $(SolutionDir)\Bin\$(ConfigurationName)\;
copy $(TargetDir)$(TargetName).lib    $(SolutionDir)\Lib\;

 
 

 
 
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Debug 模式

• 配置属性 - 链接器 - 高级 - 导入库：

$(TargetDir)$(TargetName)_d.lib

 
 

 
 
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• 配置属性 - 生成事件 - 后期生成事件 - 命令行：

copy $(TargetPath)    $(SolutionDir)\Bin\$(ConfigurationName)\;
copy $(TargetDir)$(TargetName)_d.lib    $(SolutionDir)\Lib\;

 
 

 
 
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看不清楚的话看这里：

MathSquare 属性设置

全局配置

• 配置属性 - 常规 - 输出目录（同上）
• 配置属性 - 常规 - 中间目录（同上）
• 配置属性 - 生成事件 - 后期生成事件 - 命令行：

copy  $(TargetDir)$(TargetName).exe    $(SolutionDir)\Bin\$(ConfigurationName);

 
 

 
 
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MathAverageLib 属性设置

全局配置

• 配置属性 - 常规 - 输出目录（同上）
• 配置属性 - 常规 - 中间目录（同上）
• 配置属性 - 生成事件 - 后期生成事件 - 命令行：

copy $(TargetDir)$(TargetName).lib $(SolutionDir)\Lib\;

 
 

 
 
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Main 属性设置

全局配置

• 配置属性 - 常规 - 输出目录（同上）
• 配置属性 - 常规 - 中间目录（同上）
• 配置属性 - 生成事件 - 后期生成事件 - 命令行：

copy $(TargetPath)    $(SolutionDir)\Bin\$(ConfigurationName);

 
 

 
 
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7、添加引用

大功告成！！！ Ctrl + F5 运行即可~~

失败总结

---

• 是否正确建立工程
• 时否正确配置相关属性
• 是否模糊了 release 和 debug 下的配置
• 是否写正确后处理事件
• 源代码是都书写正确
• …

---

快速复制

// 输出目录
$(SolutionDir)\Temp\Link\$(ProjectName)\$(ConfigurationName)
// 中间目录
$(SolutionDir)\Temp\Compile\$(ProjectName)\$(ConfigurationName)

// DLL Release 命令
copy $(TargetPath) $(SolutionDir)\Bin$(ConfigurationName)<span class=“token punctuation”>;
copy $<spanclass="tokenpunctuation">(</span>TargetDir<spanclass="tokenpunctuation">)</span>$(TargetName).lib $(SolutionDir)\Lib<span class=“token punctuation”>;

// DLL Debug 命令
copy $(TargetPath) $(SolutionDir)\Bin$(ConfigurationName)<span class=“token punctuation”>;
copy $<spanclass="tokenpunctuation">(</span>TargetDir<spanclass="tokenpunctuation">)</span>$(TargetName)_d.lib $(SolutionDir)\Lib<span class=“token punctuation”>;

$<spanclass="tokenpunctuation">(</span>TargetDir<spanclass="tokenpunctuation">)</span>$(TargetName)_d.lib

// EXE 命令
copy $<spanclass="tokenpunctuation">(</span>TargetDir<spanclass="tokenpunctuation">)</span>$(TargetName).exe $(SolutionDir)\Bin$(ConfigurationName);

// LIB 命令
copy $<spanclass="tokenpunctuation">(</span>TargetDir<spanclass="tokenpunctuation">)</span>$(TargetName).lib $(SolutionDir)\Lib<span class=“token punctuation”>;

// MAIN 命令
copy $(TargetPath) $(SolutionDir)\Bin$(ConfigurationName);

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