基变换下的距离公式

在三维空间里面，给出两个点，坐标分别是：$A=\left\{a_1,a_2,a_3\right\},B=\left\{b_1,b_2,b_3\right\}$。

如果改用三个新的向量作为三维空间的基：$U=\left\{u_1,u_2,u_3\right\}$,$V=\left\{v_1,v_2,v_3\right\}$,$W=\left\{w_1,w_2,w_3\right\}$，那么，$U,V,W$需要满足条件：

$$\left| \begin{array}{ccc} u_1 & v_1 & w_1 \\ u_2 & v_2 & w_2 \\ u_3 & v_3 & w_3 \\ \end{array} \right| =-u_3 v_2 w_1+u_2 v_3 w_1+u_3 v_1 w_2-u_1 v_3 w_2-u_2 v_1 w_3+u_1 v_2 w_3\neq0$$
那么，在新的向量基表示下，A可以表示为：
$$\begin{aligned} A'&=\left( \begin{array}{ccc} u_1 & v_1 & w_1 \\ u_2 & v_2 & w_2 \\ u_3 & v_3 & w_3 \\ \end{array} \right)^{-1}\cdot A\\ &=\dfrac{\left( \begin{array}{ccc} v_2 w_3-v_3 w_2 & v_3 w_1-v_1 w_3 & v_1 w_2-v_2 w_1 \\ u_3 w_2-u_2 w_3 & u_1 w_3-u_3 w_1 & u_2 w_1-u_1 w_2 \\ u_2 v_3-u_3 v_2 & u_3 v_1-u_1 v_3 & u_1 v_2-u_2 v_1 \\ \end{array} \right)}{-u_3 v_2 w_1+u_2 v_3 w_1+u_3 v_1 w_2-u_1 v_3 w_2-u_2 v_1 w_3+u_1 v_2 w_3}\cdot A\\ &=\dfrac{{\left\{\left\vert \begin{array}{ccc} a_1 & v_1 & w_1 \\ a_2 & v_2 & w_2 \\ a_3 & v_3 & w_3 \\ \end{array} \right\vert, \left\vert \begin{array}{ccc} u_1 & a_1 & w_1 \\ u_2 & a_2 & w_2 \\ u_3 & a_3 & w_3 \\ \end{array} \right\vert, \left\vert \begin{array}{ccc} u_1 & v_1 & a_1 \\ u_2 & v_2 & a_2 \\ u_3 & v_3 & a_3 \\ \end{array} \right\vert\right\}}}{\left\vert \begin{array}{ccc} u_1 & v_1 & w_1 \\ u_2 & v_2 & w_2 \\ u_3 & v_3 & w_3 \\ \end{array} \right\vert}\\ \end{aligned}$$
B可以表示为： $$\begin{aligned} B'&=\left( \begin{array}{ccc} u_1 & v_1 & w_1 \\ u_2 & v_2 & w_2 \\ u_3 & v_3 & w_3 \\ \end{array} \right)^{-1}\cdot B\\ &=\dfrac{\left( \left\vert\begin{array}{ccc} b_1 & v_1 & w_1 \\ b_2 & v_2 & w_2 \\ b_3 & v_3 & w_3 \\ \end{array}\right\vert, \left\vert\begin{array}{ccc} u_ 1 & b_ 1 & w_ 1 \\ u_ 2 & b_ 2 & w_ 2 \\ u_ 3 & b_ 3 & w_ 3 \\ \end{array}\right\vert, \left\vert\begin{array}{ccc} u_ 1 & v_ 1 & b_ 1 \\ u_ 2 & v_ 2 & b_ 2 \\ u_ 3 & v_ 3 & b_ 3 \\ \end{array}\right\vert\right)} {\left\vert\begin{array}{ccc} u_ 1 & v_ 1 & w_ 1 \\ u_ 2 & v_ 2 & w_ 2 \\ u_ 3 & v_ 3 & w_ 3 \\ \end{array}\right\vert} \end{aligned}$$