TI DSP 28335 看门狗(WatchDog)及通过看门狗实现中断

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前言

随开发板带的教程并没有给出WatchDog的解释和例程。
通过TI给出的源码结合调试开发板，正式看懂WatchDog。
特此记录，加深印象~

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1 看门狗（监控芯片）

在由单片机构成的微型计算机系统中，由于单片机的工作常常会受到来自外界电磁场的干扰，造成各种寄存器和内存的数据混乱，会导致程序指针错误，不在程序区，取出错误的程序指令等，都有可能会陷入死循环，程序的正常运行被打断，由单片机控制的系统无法继续正常工作，导致整个系统的陷入停滞状态，发生不可预料的后果。
看门狗，又叫 WatchDog，从本质上来说就是一个定时器电路，一般有一个输入和一个输出，其中输入叫做喂狗，输出一般连接到另外一个部分的复位端，一般是连接到单片机。 看门狗的功能是定期查看芯片内部的情况，一旦发生错误就向芯片发出重启信号。看门狗命令在程序的中断中拥有最高的优先级。

2 相关寄存器

2.1 WDCR看门狗控制寄存器

WDPS：决定看门狗计数时钟频率
WDDIS：决定看门狗的使能
WDCHK：应为101

2.2 WDCNTR看门狗计数器寄存器

WDCNTR：看门狗计数器当前值

2.3 WDKEY看门狗复位寄存器

WDKEY：写0x55+0xAA会清除WDCNTR，即重置计数器

2.4 SCSR系统控制和状态寄存器

WDENNIT：看门狗中断使能。为0时为看门狗复位，为1时为看门狗中断。

3 看门狗电路

OSCCLK经分频和WDCR分频后，若WDDIS为0，则看门狗计数器工作。当没有正确的安全狗秘钥，计数器计满后溢出可产生输出512个OSCCLK时钟的脉冲信号。该信号作为复位信号WDRST还是中断信号WDINT由SCSR的WDENNIT决定。

当复位RST或者正确的秘钥WDKEY会重置看门狗计数器。

4 看门狗例程

TI官网的例程如下：

//###########################################################################
//
// FILE:   Example_2833xWatchdog.c
//
// TITLE:  DSP2833x Watchdog interrupt test program.
//
// ASSUMPTIONS:
//
//    This program requires the DSP2833x header files.  
//
// DESCRIPTION:
//
//   This program exercises the watchdog.  
//
//   First the watchdog is connected to the WAKEINT interrupt of the
//   PIE block.  The code is then put into an infinite loop.
// 
//   The user can select to feed the watchdog key register or not
//   by commenting one line of code in the infinite loop.
//
//   If the watchdog key register is fed by the ServiceDog function 
//   then the WAKEINT interrupt is not taken.  If the key register 
//   is not fed by the ServiceDog function then WAKEINT will be taken.  
//
//      Watch Variables:
//         LoopCount for the number of times through the infinite loop
//         WakeCount for the number of times through WAKEINT
//
//###########################################################################
// $TI Release: 2833x/2823x Header Files and Peripheral Examples V133 $
// $Release Date: June 8, 2012 $
//###########################################################################


#include "DSP2833x_Device.h"     // Headerfile Include File
#include "DSP2833x_Examples.h"   // Examples Include File

// Prototype statements for functions found within this file.
interrupt void wakeint_isr(void);

// Global variables for this example
Uint32 WakeCount;
Uint32 LoopCount;

void main(void)
{

// Step 1. Initialize System Control:
// PLL, WatchDog, enable Peripheral Clocks
// This example function is found in the DSP2833x_SysCtrl.c file.
   InitSysCtrl();
   
// Step 2. Initalize GPIO: 
// This example function is found in the DSP2833x_Gpio.c file and
// illustrates how to set the GPIO to it's default state.
// InitGpio();  // Skipped for this example  

// Step 3. Clear all interrupts and initialize PIE vector table:
// Disable CPU interrupts 
   DINT;

// Initialize PIE control registers to their default state.
// The default state is all PIE interrupts disabled and flags
// are cleared.  
// This function is found in the DSP2833x_PieCtrl.c file.
   InitPieCtrl();

// Disable CPU interrupts and clear all CPU interrupt flags:
   IER = 0x0000;
   IFR = 0x0000;

// Initialize the PIE vector table with pointers to the shell Interrupt 
// Service Routines (ISR).  
// This will populate the entire table, even if the interrupt
// is not used in this example.  This is useful for debug purposes.
// The shell ISR routines are found in DSP2833x_DefaultIsr.c.
// This function is found in DSP2833x_PieVect.c.
   InitPieVectTable();

// Interrupts that are used in this example are re-mapped to
// ISR functions found within this file.  
   EALLOW;	// This is needed to write to EALLOW protected registers
   PieVectTable.WAKEINT = &wakeint_isr;
   EDIS;   // This is needed to disable write to EALLOW protected registers
	
// Step 4. Initialize all the Device Peripherals:
// This function is found in DSP2833x_InitPeripherals.c
// InitPeripherals(); // Not required for this example
 
// Step 5. User specific code, enable interrupts:

// Clear the counters
   WakeCount = 0; // Count interrupts
   LoopCount = 0; // Count times through idle loop

// Connect the watchdog to the WAKEINT interrupt of the PIE
// Write to the whole SCSR register to avoid clearing WDOVERRIDE bit
   EALLOW;
   SysCtrlRegs.SCSR = BIT1;
   EDIS;

// Enable WAKEINT in the PIE: Group 1 interrupt 8
// Enable INT1 which is connected to WAKEINT:
   // PieCtrlRegs.PIECTRL.bit.ENPIE = 1;   // Enable the PIE block
   PieCtrlRegs.PIEIER1.bit.INTx8 = 1;   // Enable PIE Gropu 1 INT8
   IER |= M_INT1;                       // Enable CPU int1
   EINT;                                // Enable Global Interrupts

// Reset the watchdog counter
   ServiceDog();
      
// Enable the watchdog
   EALLOW;
   SysCtrlRegs.WDCR = 0x0028;   
   EDIS;
   
// Step 6. IDLE loop. Just sit and loop forever (optional):	
   for(;;)
   {
      LoopCount++;
	    
      // Uncomment ServiceDog to just loop here
      // Comment ServiceDog to take the WAKEINT instead
      // ServiceDog();
   }
	

} 	


// Step 7. Insert all local Interrupt Service Routines (ISRs) and functions here:	
// If local ISRs are used, reassign vector addresses in vector table as
// shown in Step 5

interrupt void wakeint_isr(void)
{
	WakeCount++;
	
	// Acknowledge this interrupt to get more from group 1
	PieCtrlRegs.PIEACK.all = PIEACK_GROUP1;
}

//===========================================================================
// No more.
//===========================================================================

例程功能描述

LoopCount 计数for循环次数
WakeCount 计数WAKEINT中断触发的次数
如果不屏蔽ServiceDog();，即输入正确秘钥，则看门狗不会触发，WakeCount 并不会递增

for(;;)
   {
      LoopCount++;
	    
      // Uncomment ServiceDog to just loop here
      // Comment ServiceDog to take the WAKEINT instead
      ServiceDog();
   }

例程总体思路同中断处理，此处只介绍和WatchDog相关的关键步骤，注释如下：

将中断向量表的WAKEINT指向ISR:wakeint_isr

   EALLOW;	// This is needed to write to EALLOW protected registers
   PieVectTable.WAKEINT = &wakeint_isr;
   EDIS;   // This is needed to disable write to EALLOW protected registers

使能看门狗中断

   EALLOW;
   SysCtrlRegs.SCSR = BIT1;
   EDIS;

输入安全秘钥，重置看门狗计数器

void ServiceDog(void)
{
    EALLOW;
    SysCtrlRegs.WDKEY = 0x0055;
    SysCtrlRegs.WDKEY = 0x00AA;
    EDIS;
}

使能看门狗（未分频）

   EALLOW;
   SysCtrlRegs.WDCR = 0x0028;   
   EDIS;

5 看门狗中断响应时间分析

WDCR的WDPS可以配置看门狗计数时钟频率。
OSCCLK为晶振频率30MHz，通过PLL 5倍频得到系统时钟频率150MHz.

5.1 看门狗计数时钟不分频

当WDPS为000或001时，不分频。

   EALLOW;
   SysCtrlRegs.WDCR = 0x0028;   
   EDIS;

此时看门狗中断响应时间最短，为

1/(30M/512)*2^8S=1/(30/512)*0.256mS=4.37ms

理论系统时钟周期为

5*512*256=655360

通过CCS 6测得系统时钟周期为655381，符合。

5.2 看门狗计数时钟64分频

当WDPS为111时，64分频。

   EALLOW;
   SysCtrlRegs.WDCR = 0x002f;   
   EDIS;

此时看门狗中断响应时间最长，为

1/(30M/512/64)*2^8S=1/(30/512/64)*0.256mS=279.62ms

理论系统时钟周期为

5*512*64*256=41943040

通过CCS 6测得系统时钟周期为41943060，符合。

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总结

第37篇

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