C++ primer plus（第六版）第八章课后编程练习

第一题

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
void show_str(string &pf,int n = 0);
int times = 0;
int main()
{
	string str = "I love you!";
	show_str(str);
	show_str(str,20);
	show_str(str,10);
	show_str(str,5);
	cin.get();
	cin.get();
	return 0;
}
void show_str(string &pf,int n)
{
	if(n == 0)
		cout << &pf << endl;
	else
	{
		times++;
		cout << "该函数被调用了" << times << "次" << endl;
	}
}

第二题

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
struct CandyBar
{
	char barnd[80];
	double weight;
	int heat;
};
void set_CandyBar(CandyBar &pf,char *pt = "Millennium",double w = 2.85,int h = 350);
void show_CandyBar(const CandyBar &pf);
int main()
{
	CandyBar candy_bar;
	set_CandyBar(candy_bar);
	show_CandyBar(candy_bar);
	char brand[80] = "ShiLiJia" ;
	set_CandyBar(candy_bar,brand,3.89,800);
	show_CandyBar(candy_bar);
	cin.get();
	cin.get();
	return 0;
}
void set_CandyBar(CandyBar &pf,char *pt,double w,int h)
{
	//在这里一开始我用的是这条语句：pf.barnd = pt，这样做的话最后会出现一个表达式必须是
	//可修改的左值，因此要改成strcpy(pf.brand,pt),这样才是正确的。
	strcpy(pf.barnd,pt);
	pf.weight = w;
	pf.heat = h;
}
void show_CandyBar(const CandyBar &pf)
{
	cout << "Brand: "<< pf.barnd;
	cout << ", Weight: " << pf.weight;
	cout << ", Heat; " << pf.heat << endl;
}

第三题

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
void str2upper(string &str);
int main()
{
	string str;
	cout << "Enter a string (q to quit):";
	getline(cin,str);
	while(str != "q")
	{
		str2upper(str);
		cout << str << endl;
		cout << "Next string (q to quit)";
		getline(cin,str);
	}
	cout << "Bye." << endl;
	cin.get();
	cin.get();
	return 0;
}
void str2upper(string &str)
{
	//一开始总是想不明白，这里传进来的str引用要怎么使用toupper函数
	//最后看了其他人的博客才明白原来传进来的str引用可以相当于一个数组
	//去使用。学到东西了，
	//参考博客地址为:http://blog.csdn.net/lmerissa/article/details/50509257
	for(int i = 0;i<str.size();i++)
		str[i] = toupper(str[i]);
}

第四题

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
struct stringy
{
	char *str;
	int ct;
};
void set(stringy &pf, char *str);//在这里不能使用const char* str声明第二个参数，如果这样做的话就会导致后面无法直接对pf.str进行赋值
void show(const stringy &pf,const int n = 1);
void show(const char*str,const int n = 1);
int main()
{
	stringy beany;
	char testing[] = "Reality isn't what it used to be!";


	set(beany,testing);
	show(beany);
	show(beany,2);
	testing[0] = 'D';
	testing[1] = 'u';
	show(testing);
	show(testing,3);
	show("Done!");
	cin.get();
	cin.get();
	return 0;
}
void set(stringy &pf,  char *str)
{
	//strcpy(pf.str,str);
	pf.str = str;
	pf.ct = sizeof(str);
}
void show(const stringy &pf,const int n)
{
	for(int i = 0; i<n; ++i)
		cout << "show(beany)" << pf.str << endl;
}
void show(const char *str,const int n)
{
	for(int i = 0; i<n; ++i)
		cout << str << endl;
}

第五题

#include <iostream>
template <typename T>
T max_element(T a[]);
int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	int a[5] = {1,2,3,4,5};
	double b[5] = {1.33,5.26,4.36,6.32,9.22};
	cout << "整型数组中最大的元素为" << max_element(a) << endl;
	cout << "double 型数组中最大的元素为：" << max_element(b) << endl;
	cin.get();
	cin.get();
	return 0;
}
template<typename T>
T max_element(T a[])
{
	T temp;
	temp = a[0];
	for(int i = 1;i<5;i++)
	{
		if(temp<a[i])
			temp = a[i];
	}
	return temp;
}

第六题

#include <iostream>
template<typename T>
T maxn(T *arr, const int n);
template <> char *maxn<char *>(char *p[],const int n);
int main()  
{  
	using namespace std;
    int arr_i[6] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };  
    double arr_d[4] = { 8.6, 15.6, 10.63, 20.3 };  
    char *p[5] = { "January", "March", "May", "September", "October" };  
  
    cout << "The max of five int numbers is: " << maxn(arr_i, 6) << endl;  
    cout << "The max of five double number is: " << maxn(arr_d, 4) << endl;  
    cout << "The max length of the sTtring is: " << maxn(p, 5) << endl;  
  
    cin.get();
	cin.get();
    return 0;  
}  
template <typename T>  
T maxn(T * arr, const int n)  
{  
    if (n == 0)  
        return 0;  
    T max_num = arr[0];  
    for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i)  
		if(max_num < arr[i])
		{
			max_num = arr[i];
		}
    return max_num;  
}  
  
template <> char *maxn<char *>(char *p[], const int n)  
{  
    if (n == 0)  
        return nullptr;  
    char *pt = p[0];  
    for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) 
		if(strlen(pt)<strlen(p[i]))
		{
			pt = p[i];
		}
		return pt;  
}