SQL必练50题（HQL版）

HQL 50题

1.建表

create table study.student (
     student_id   string  -- 学生编号
    ,name         string  -- 学生姓名
    ,birthday     string  -- 学生生日
    ,sex          string  -- 学生性别
)
stored as parquet
tblproperties("orc.compress"="snappy");

create table study.teacher (
     teacher_id   string  -- 教师编号
    ,name         string  -- 教师姓名
)
stored as parquet
tblproperties("orc.compress"="snappy");

create table study.course (
     course_id    string  -- 课程编号
    ,name         string  -- 课程名
    ,teacher_id   string  -- 课程对应的教师编号
)
stored as parquet
tblproperties("orc.compress"="snappy");

create table study.score (
     student_id   string  -- 学生编号
    ,course_id    string  -- 课程编号
    ,score        int     -- 对应的成绩
)
stored as parquet
tblproperties("orc.compress"="snappy");

2.导数据

insert overwrite table study.student VALUES
('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男'),
('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男'),
('03' , '孙风' , '1990-12-20' , '男'),
('04' , '李云' , '1990-12-06' , '男'),
('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女'),
('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-01-01' , '女'),
('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-01-01' , '女'),
('09' , '张三' , '2017-12-20' , '女'),
('10' , '李蛋' , '2017-12-25' , '女'),
('11' , '李四' , '2012-06-06' , '女'),
('12' , '赵六' , '2013-06-13' , '女'),
('13' , '孙七' , '2014-06-01' , '女');

insert overwrite table study.teacher VALUES
('01' , '张老师'),
('02' , '李老师'),
('03' , '王老师');

insert overwrite table study.course VALUES
('01' , '语文' , '02'),
('02' , '数学' , '01'),
('03' , '英语' , '03');

insert overwrite table study.score VALUES
('01' , '01' , 80),
('01' , '02' , 90),
('01' , '03' , 99),
('02' , '01' , 70),
('02' , '02' , 60),
('02' , '03' , 80),
('03' , '01' , 80),
('03' , '02' , 80),
('03' , '03' , 80),
('04' , '01' , 50),
('04' , '02' , 30),
('04' , '03' , 20),
('05' , '01' , 76),
('05' , '02' , 87),
('06' , '01' , 31),
('06' , '03' , 34),
('07' , '02' , 89),
('07' , '03' , 98);

3.答题

3.1 查询所有教师的全部信息（教师编号和姓名）

SELECT * FROM teacher;

3.2 输出所有学生中男生的全部信息

SELECT * FROM student WHERE sex = '男';

3.3 查询所有学生中男生的全部信息，按照生日排降序

SELECT * FROM student WHERE sex = '男' ORDER BY birthday DESC;

3.4 查询所有学生的全部信息，先按照性别排序，再按照生日排降序

SELECT * FROM student ORDER BY sex,birthday DESC;

3.5 求出学生总数

SELECT count(1) FROM student;

3.6 查询学生中男生、女生人数

SELECT sex,count(1) FROM student GROUP BY sex;

3.7 参加考试的学生中，查出每个学生的学生编号、选了几门课

SELECT student_id,count(course_id) FROM score GROUP BY student_id;

3.8 检索至少选修三门课程的学生学号

SELECT student_id,count(course_id) AS num FROM score GROUP BY student_id HAVING num >= 3;

或者

SELECT student_id FROM 
(SELECT student_id,count(course_id) AS num FROM score GROUP BY student_id) t
WHERE num >= 3;

3.9 查询存在不及格的课程编号

SELECT DISTINCT(course_id) FROM score WHERE score < 60;

或

SELECT course_id FROM score WHERE score < 60 GROUP BY course_id;

3.10 输出所有课程的课程编号、课程名、对应的教师姓名

SELECT t1.*,t2.name FROM course t1 LEFT JOIN teacher t2 ON t1.teacher_id = t2.teacher_id;

3.11 求每门课程的学生人数及平均分，输出课程编号、对应学生人数、平均分

SELECT course_id,count(1) student_num,avg(score) avg_score FROM score GROUP BY course_id;

3.12 求每门课程的学生人数及平均分，输出课程名称、对应学生人数、平均分

SELECT t1.name course_name,t2.student_num,t2.avg_score FROM course t1
LEFT JOIN
(SELECT 
course_id,
count(1) student_num,
avg(score) avg_score 
FROM score
GROUP BY course_id) t2 ON t1.course_id = t2.course_id;

3.13 查询同时学习" 01 “课程和” 02 "课程的学生编号及01和02课程分数

SELECT t1.student_id,t1.score score1,t2.score score2 FROM score t1 
JOIN score t2 on t1.student_id = t2.student_id 
WHERE t1.course_id = '01' AND t2.course_id = '02';

或

select a.student_id
      ,a.score as score_01
      ,b.score as score_02
  from 
    (
      select * 
        from score 
        where course_id = '01'
    ) a  
join
    (
      select * 
        from score 
        where course_id = '02'
    ) b 
  on a.student_id = b.student_id;

3.14 查询" 01 “课程比” 02 "课程成绩高的学生编号及01和02课程分数

SELECT * FROM
(SELECT t1.student_id,t1.score score1,t2.score score2 FROM score t1 
JOIN score t2 on t1.student_id = t2.student_id 
WHERE t1.course_id = '01' AND t2.course_id = '02') t WHERE score1 > score2;

3.15 查询" 01 “课程比” 02 "课程成绩高的学生姓名及01和02课程分数

SELECT t2.name,t.score1,t.score2 FROM
(SELECT t1.student_id,t1.score score1,t2.score score2 FROM score t1 
JOIN score t2 on t1.student_id = t2.student_id 
WHERE t1.course_id = '01' AND t2.course_id = '02') t 
LEFT JOIN student t2 ON t.student_id = t2.student_id WHERE score1 > score2;

3.16 查询选择了 "01"课程但没选择 "02"课程的学生姓名

SELECT t1.name FROM student t1 JOIN
(SELECT a.student_id FROM 
(SELECT * FROM score WHERE course_id = '01') a
LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM score WHERE course_id = '02') b
ON a.student_id = b.student_id WHERE b.student_id IS NULL) t2 ON t1.student_id = t2.student_id;

--hql中 in和not in后不支持子查询，所以只能用join来解决

3.17 查询学过 ‘张老师’ 老师课程的所有同学姓名、生日、性别

SELECT t1.name,t1.birthday,t1.sex FROM student t1 LEFT JOIN(
SELECT t1.* FROM score t1 LEFT JOIN
(SELECT t2.course_id FROM teacher t1 
LEFT JOIN course t2 ON t1.teacher_id = t2.teacher_id 
WHERE t1.name = '张老师') t2 ON t1.course_id = t2.course_id
WHERE t2.course_id IS NOT NULL) t2 ON t1.student_id = t2.student_id 
WHERE t2.student_id IS NOT NULL;

3.18 查询学习 "01"课程但没有学习 "02"课程学生的学生编号以及"01"课程成绩

SELECT a.student_id,a.score FROM 
(SELECT * FROM score WHERE course_id = '01') a
LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM score WHERE course_id = '02') b ON a.student_id = b.student_id
WHERE b.student_id is NULL;

3.19 查询学习 "02"课程但没有学习 "01"课程学生的学生编号以及"02"课程成绩

SELECT a.student_id,a.score FROM 
(SELECT * FROM score WHERE course_id = '02') a
LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM score WHERE course_id = '01') b ON a.student_id = b.student_id
WHERE b.student_id is NULL;

3.20 查询选课的同学的学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的成绩总和、课程平均分

SELECT t1.name,t2.course_num,t2.avg_score,t2.sum_score FROM student t1 RIGHT JOIN(
SELECT student_id,count(course_id) course_num,sum(score) sum_score,avg(score) avg_score 
FROM score GROUP BY student_id) t2 ON t1.student_id = t2.student_id;

3.21 查询考试平均分大于 60 分同学的学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的成绩总和、课程平均分，按照科目数排降序、科目数相同按照分数排降序

SELECT * FROM (
SELECT t1.name,t2.course_num,t2.avg_score,t2.sum_score FROM student t1 RIGHT JOIN(
SELECT student_id,count(course_id) course_num,sum(score) sum_score,avg(score) avg_score 
FROM score GROUP BY student_id) t2 ON t1.student_id = t2.student_id) t WHERE t.avg_score > 60
ORDER BY t.course_num DESC,t.sum_score DESC;

3.22 检索 “01” 课程分数小于 60 分的学生信息及"01" 课程分数，按照分数排降序

SELECT t1.student_id,t1.name,t1.name,t1.birthday,t2.score FROM student t1 LEFT JOIN (
SELECT * FROM score WHERE course_id = '01' AND score < 60) t2 
ON t1.student_id = t2.student_id WHERE t2.student_id IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY t2.score DESC;

3.23 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的姓名及其平均成绩

SELECT t1.name,t2.avg_score FROM student t1 
RIGHT JOIN (
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT student_id,count(course_id) course_num,avg(score) avg_score 
FROM score WHERE score < 60 GROUP BY student_id) t WHERE course_num >= 2) t2 
ON t1.student_id = t2.student_id;

3.24 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的编号 （包含无选课的同学）

--先从成绩表找出选了所有课的同学
--因为hive的in和not in 不支持子查询，所以只能再通过left join一次成绩表找出没选所有课的同学
--通过学生表左联成绩表找出一门课都没选的同学
--union两张表 ->完成
--（因为hive版本问题，我使用的版本好像不支union只支持union all，所以只能再在外面包一层DISTINCT来去重
-- 这样会影响效率：DISTINCT在mapreduc阶段，map阶段不能用combine消重，数据输出为（key，value）形式然后在reduce阶段进行消重。
--重点是，Hive在处理COUNT这种“全聚合(full aggregates)”计算时，它会忽略用户指定的Reduce Task数，而强制使用1。）
SELECT DISTINCT(student_id) FROM (
SELECT t1.student_id FROM score t1 LEFT JOIN(
SELECT t.student_id FROM 
(SELECT student_id,count(course_id) num FROM score GROUP BY student_id) t
JOIN (SELECT count(course_id) num FROM course) t2 ON t.num = t2.num) t2 
ON t1.student_id = t2.student_id
WHERE t2.student_id IS NULL GROUP BY t1.student_id
UNION ALL
SELECT t.student_id FROM
(SELECT t1.student_id FROM student t1 
LEFT JOIN score t2 ON t1.student_id = t2.student_id WHERE t2.student_id IS NULL) t) s

3.25 查询 1990 年出生的学生名单

SELECT * FROM student WHERE birthday LIKE '%1990%';

3.26 查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息

SELECT * FROM student WHERE name LIKE '%风%';

3.27 查询「李」姓老师的数量

SELECT count(1) FROM teacher WHERE name LIKE '李%';

3.28 查询至少有两门课与学号为" 01 "的学生所学相同的学生id

SELECT student_id FROM (
SELECT t1.student_id,count(t1.course_id) AS num FROM score t1 
LEFT JOIN
(SELECT * FROM score WHERE student_id = '01') t2
ON t1.course_id = t2.course_id WHERE t1.student_id <> '01' GROUP BY t1.student_id) t
WHERE t.num >= 2;

3.29 查询选修了全部课程的学生id的姓名

SELECT a.name FROM student a LEFT JOIN (
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT student_id,count(course_id) num1 FROM score GROUP BY student_id) t1
LEFT JOIN(
SELECT count(course_id) num2 FROM course) t2 ON t1.num1 = t2.num2 WHERE t2.num2 IS NOT NULL) b
ON a.student_id = b.student_id WHERE b.student_id IS NOT NULL;

3.30 查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的学生id

SELECT a.student_id FROM (
SELECT t1.student_id,count(t1.course_id) num1 FROM score t1 LEFT JOIN(
SELECT * FROM score WHERE student_id = '01') t2
ON t1.course_id = t2.course_id GROUP BY t1.student_id) a
LEFT JOIN (SELECT count(1) num2 FROM score WHERE student_id = '01') b ON a.num1 = b.num2
WHERE b.num2 IS NOT NULL AND a.student_id <> '01';

3.31 统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号，课程名称，[100-85]，[85-70]，[70-60]，[60-0] 及所占百分比

-根据课程号在成绩表中查询分数段的个数除以该学习该课程的总数
SELECT t1.course_id,t1.name,t2.first,t2.second,t2.third,t2.fourth FROM course t1 LEFT JOIN(
SELECT course_id,
round(sum(CASE WHEN score > 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/count(1),2) AS first,
round(sum(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 70 AND 84 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/count(1),2) AS second,
round(sum(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 60 AND 69 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/count(1),2) AS third,
round(sum(CASE WHEN score <60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/count(1),2) AS fourth
FROM (
SELECT course_id,score FROM score) a
GROUP BY course_id) t2 ON t1.course_id = t2.course_id

3.32 查询学生的总成绩，并进行排名

--使用了hive的开窗函数 RANK() VOER(...)
SELECT student_id,
sum(score) sum_score,
RANK() OVER(ORDER BY sum(score) DESC) AS stu_rank
FROM score GROUP BY student_id

3.33 查询各科成绩前三名的记录

SELECT * FROM (
SELECT student_id,course_id,score,
rank() OVER(PARTITION BY course_id ORDER BY score DESC) AS stu_rank 
FROM score) t WHERE t.stu_rank <= 3

3.34 查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名

SELECT t1.student_id,t1.name FROM student t1 LEFT JOIN(
SELECT student_id,count(course_id) course_num FROM score GROUP BY student_id) t2
ON t1.student_id = t2.student_id WHERE t2.course_num = 2

3.35 查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列

SELECT course_id,avg(score) avg_score FROM score GROUP BY course_id
ORDER BY avg_score DESC,course_id ASC

3.36 查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

SELECT t1.student_id,t1.name,t2.avg_score FROM student t1 LEFT JOIN(
SELECT student_id,avg(score) avg_score FROM score GROUP BY student_id) t2
ON t1.student_id = t2.student_id WHERE t2.avg_score >= 85;

3.37 查询课程名称为「数学」，且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数

SELECT a.name,b.score FROM student a LEFT JOIN( 
SELECT t1.student_id,t1.score FROM score t1 LEFT JOIN(
SELECT * FROM course WHERE name = '数学') t2 ON t1.course_id = t2.course_id
WHERE t1.score < 60 AND t2.course_id IS NOT NULL) b ON a.student_id = b.student_id
WHERE b.score IS NOT NULL

3.38 查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分及以上的学生的学号和姓名

SELECT t1.student_id,t1.name FROM student t1 LEFT JOIN(
SELECT * FROM score WHERE course_id = '01' AND score >= 80) t2 
ON t1.student_id = t2.student_id WHERE t2.student_id IS NOT NULL

3.39 查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生编号、课程编号及其成绩

SELECT a.student_id,a.course_id,a.score FROM score a RIGHT JOIN(
SELECT t1.course_id FROM course t1 RIGHT JOIN( 
SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE name = '张老师') t2 
ON t1.teacher_id =t2.teacher_id) b ON a.course_id = b.course_id
ORDER BY a.score DESC LIMIT 1;

3.40 统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过 5 人的课程才统计）

SELECT t1.course_id,t1.name,t2.count_num FROM course t1 LEFT JOIN(
SELECT course_id,count(student_id) count_num FROM score 
GROUP BY course_id HAVING count(student_id) > 5) t2
ON t1.course_id = t2.course_id

3.41 查询该学生有不同课程但成绩相同的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩

SELECT t.student_id,t.course_id,t.score FROM (
SELECT t1.student_id,t1.course_id,t1.score FROM score t1 LEFT JOIN
score t2 ON t1.student_id = t2.student_id 
AND t1.score = t2.score 
WHERE t1.course_id <> t2.course_id) t
GROUP BY t.student_id,t.course_id,t.score