索引器与字典

索引器（Indexer）可以使得类像字典一样通过下标被使用；

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Indexer
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Dictionary<string, int> scoreDictionary = new Dictionary<string, int>();
            scoreDictionary.Add("www",12);
            Console.WriteLine(scoreDictionary["www"]==12 );

            var stu = new Student();
            var mathScore = stu["Math"];
            Console.WriteLine(mathScore.HasValue);

            stu["Chinese"] = 90;
            var chineseScore = stu["Chinese"];
            Console.WriteLine(chineseScore.Value);
            Console.Read();
        }
    }
    class Student
    {
        private Dictionary<string, int> scoreDictionary = new Dictionary<string, int>();
        public int? this[string subject]
        {
            get
            {
                if (scoreDictionary.ContainsKey(subject))
                    return scoreDictionary[subject];
                else return null;
            }
            set
            {
                if (value.HasValue == false)
                {
                    throw new Exception("Value Cannot be Null!");
                }
                if (scoreDictionary.ContainsKey(subject))
                    scoreDictionary[subject] = value.Value;
                else
                    scoreDictionary.Add(subject, value.Value);

            }
        }
    }
}

一开始不太明白为什么有字典了还要用索引器，字典也可以用下标，但是后来能明白了，因为索引器可以像属性一样，对内可以防止一些“非常规值”的污染，比如一个科目的总分是0-150之间，就可以约定set的范围，否则抛出异常。