一、多线程未共享同一个实例且run()方法未对写操作加锁
public class MutilThreadDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TrainTicket tt = new TrainTicket();
new Thread(new TrainTicket()).start();
new Thread(new TrainTicket()).start();
}
}
class TrainTicket implements Runnable {
private int ticketCount = 10; // 初始化10张火车票(全局变量)
@Override
public void run() {
while (ticketCount > 0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "抢到了第【" + (10 - ticketCount + 1) + "】张火车票");
ticketCount--;
}
}
}
结果展示:
结果分析:
多线程未共享同一个实例,且要执行的方法没有加锁,会出现同一张火车票被多人抢到的情况!
二、多线程共享同一个实例,但未对run()方法体中的写操作加锁
public class MutilThreadDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TrainTicket tt = new TrainTicket();
new Thread(tt).start();
new Thread(tt).start();
}
}
class TrainTicket implements Runnable {
private int ticketCount = 10; // 初始化10张火车票(全局变量)
@Override
public void run() {
while (ticketCount > 0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "抢到了第【" + (10 - ticketCount + 1) + "】张火车票");
ticketCount--;
}
}
}
结果展示:
结果分析:
多个线程共享同一个实例,但方法体中对于写操作未加锁,虽然实现了轮流抢票的效果,但总共只有10张票,却卖出了11张;出现了线程不安全问题;
三、多线程共享同一个实例,但对run()方法中的读和写操作都加锁
使用synchronized把run()方法的整个方法体都锁起来
public class MutilThreadDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TrainTicket tt = new TrainTicket();
new Thread(tt).start();
new Thread(tt).start();
}
}
class TrainTicket implements Runnable {
private int ticketCount = 10; // 初始化10张火车票(全局变量)
Object mutex = new Object(); // 多个线程使用同一把锁mutex
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (mutex) {
while (ticketCount > 0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "抢到了第【" + (10 - ticketCount + 1) + "】张火车票");
ticketCount--;
}
}
}
}
结果展示:
结果分析:
多线程变成了单线程;
四、多线程共享同一个实例,只对run()方法体中的写操作加锁
public class MutilThreadDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TrainTicket tt = new TrainTicket();
new Thread(tt).start();
new Thread(tt).start();
}
}
class TrainTicket implements Runnable {
private int ticketCount = 10; // 初始化10张火车票(全局变量)
Object mutex = new Object(); // 多个线程使用同一把锁mutex
@Override
public void run() {
while (ticketCount > 0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
synchronized (mutex) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "抢到了第【" + (10 - ticketCount + 1) + "】张火车票");
ticketCount--;
}
}
}
}
结果展示:
结果分析:
只用synchronized锁住写操作的代码,实现了预期的效果!
五、多个线程未共享同一个实例,但ticketCount使用静态变量,synchronized锁住整个run()方法体
public class MutilThreadDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TrainTicket tt = new TrainTicket();
new Thread(new TrainTicket()).start();
new Thread(new TrainTicket()).start();
}
}
class TrainTicket implements Runnable {
private static int ticketCount = 20; // 初始化10张火车票(全局变量)
Object mutex = new Object(); // 多个线程使用同一把锁mutex
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (mutex) {
while (ticketCount > 0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "抢到了第【" + (20 - ticketCount + 1) + "】张火车票");
ticketCount--;
}
}
}
}
结果展示:
结果分析:
多线程未使用同一把锁,出现了线程不安全问题;
Object mutex = new Object(); mutex 多个实例之间不共享;
六、多线程共享同一把锁
public class MutilThreadDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TrainTicket tt = new TrainTicket();
new Thread(new TrainTicket()).start();
new Thread(new TrainTicket()).start();
}
}
class TrainTicket implements Runnable {
private static int ticketCount = 10; // 初始化10张火车票(全局变量)
static Object mutex = new Object(); // 多个线程使用同一把锁mutex
@Override
public void run() {
while (ticketCount > 0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
synchronized (mutex) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "抢到了第【" + (10 - ticketCount + 1) + "】张火车票");
ticketCount--;
}
}
}
}
结果展示:
结果分析:
使用static修饰类变量也同样实现了预期的效果
private static int ticketCount = 10; // 初始化10张火车票(全局变量)
static Object mutex = new Object(); // 多个线程使用同一把锁mutex