Android之Broadcast广播机制学习

广播的学习应该从三个方面入手，接收广播、发送广播和本地广播，接收和发送广播顾名思义很容易理解，那么什么是本地广播呢，说到本地广播我们不得不说一说什么是全局广播，全局广播就是我们发送的广播在其他任何应用程序都能收到，我们也能收到其他应用程序发送的广播，那这样就容易引起安全问题，比如我们的数据被其他程序截获，或者不断地收到其他程序的垃圾广播，那为了避免这些，我们就要使用本地广播，发送的广播只有自己能收到，收到的也都是自己的广播，这样就会非常的安全。

接收广播

接收广播有两种形式，分别是动态注册和静态注册监听网络广播
1、动态监听广播

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private IntentFilter intentFilter;
    private NetworkChangeReceiver networkChangeReceiver;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("android.net.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");
        networkChangeReceiver = new NetworkChangeReceiver();
        registerReceiver(networkChangeReceiver,intentFilter);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceiver);
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
           Toast.makeText(context,"Network is changed",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

1）实例化IntentFilter，并添加（网络是否发生变化的）广播类型
2）内部类NetworkChangeReceiver继承BroadcastReceiver，并重写父类的onReceive()方法，这样受到广播（网络状态发生变化）时就会执行onReceive()方法
3）实例化NetworkChangeReceiver，通过registerReceiver()进行注册，将NetworkChangeReceiver和IntentFilter都传进去
这样就实现了广播的监听，最后别忘记关掉广播，在onDestroy()方法中用unregisterReceiver()关闭广播
2、静态监听广播

public class BootCompleteReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context,"Boot Complete",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

别忘了在Android.manifest中注册

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
	...
	<receiver
            android:name=".BootCompleteReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
            </intent-filter>
         </receiver>

1）定义BroadcastReceiver 广播子类BootCompleteReceiver ，并重写onReceive()方法
2）在Android.manifest用 < uses-permission >进行声明
3）在< intent-filter >中添加相应的权限

发送自定义广播

在学习发送广播之前我们需要先了解广播的两种类型，标准广播和有序广播
标准广播：

有序广播：

看图就很容易理解两种广播的区别
3、自定义标准广播
首先在button的点击事件中用intent发送广播

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    LinearLayout linearLayout;
    Button button;
    
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        linearLayout = new LinearLayout(this);
        linearLayout.setLayoutParams(new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT));
        linearLayout.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
        setContentView(linearLayout);
        button = new Button(this);
        button.setText("发送广播");
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcast.MY_BROADCAST");
                sendBroadcast(intent);
            }
        });
        linearLayout.addView(button);
    }
}

发送广播完了之后，我们需要写接收广播，定义MyBroadcastReceiver 类继承BroadcastReceiver ，重写onReceive()方法

public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context,"receive my broadcast",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

在Android.manifest中添加广播注册

	<receiver
            android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.example.broadcast.MY_BROADCAST"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

这样就可以实现点击button，接收到广播，并进行提示了
4、自定义有序广播
在定义有序广播的时候，我们需要用priority的值来确定各个应用收到广播的优先级，所以我们现在各个应用的Android.manifest文件中添加广播，并用android:priority="xx"来表示优先级

	<receiver
            android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter android:priority="100">
                <action android:name="com.example.broadcast.MY_BROADCAST"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

设置了优先级后，优先级高的接收器有权截断广播，优先级低于他的就不会再收到广播

public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context,"receive my broadcast",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        abortBroadcast();//截断广播
    }
}

还有最后一点，就是在发送广播的时候要用sendOrderedBroadcast()来取代sendBroadcast()就可以了

sendBroadcast(intent);//发送标准广播

sendOrderedBroadcast(intent,null);//发送有序广播

有没有很简单呢，嘿嘿~

使用本地广播

下面是个例子：

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private LinearLayout linearLayout;
    private Button button;
    private IntentFilter intentFilter;
    private LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcastManager;
    private LocalReceiver localReceiver;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        linearLayout = new LinearLayout(this);
        linearLayout.setLayoutParams(new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT));
        linearLayout.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
        setContentView(linearLayout);
        button = new Button(this);
        button.setText("发送广播");
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcast.MY_BROADCAST");
                localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);
            }
        });
        linearLayout.addView(button);
        localBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);//获取LocalBroadcastManager的实例
        
        intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("com.example.broadcast.MY_BROADCAST");
        
        localReceiver = new LocalReceiver();
        localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(localReceiver,intentFilter);
    }
    
    class LocalReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            Toast.makeText(context,"receive my broadcast",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}

本地广播其实就是先获取LocalBroadcastManager 的实例，然后将广播的发送、注册全部都用LocalBroadcastManager 的实例去完成就搞定了，哈哈很简单呐。

参考文献：第一行代码——Android / 郭霖. 2版 --人民邮编出版社