关于在BGP&MPLS骨干网中客户端负载均衡的思考和实践三（关于BGP-RR反射器的应用）

开篇点题，与前面一篇一致。在实际的BGP&MPLS组网中，很多一级和二级运营商的骨干网都可以为客户提供一定的负载均衡和负载分担的能力，各个ISP和客户的组网环境不一样，可能所提供的负载方式也不一样，此次这个环境单独考虑从网络架构和配置上实现的负载。
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背景：

某金融公司的某个西安数据中心，内网数据都跑在某二级ISP的BGP&MPLS骨干网上，骨干网采用RR反射器进行BGP的路由反射，现状为使用两条MSTP专线接入骨干网，主备CE都是CISCO的4000系列路由器，客户的内网网关都在主备CE上，目前为HSRP热备方式，数据主用主CE，主CE发生中断，链路切换至备CE。

表面上这是一个很典型的负载分担方案，如果做负载分担方案，必然可行，但是负载分担有个最大的弊端，两条线路不可能做到完美的均衡。即使使用诸多手段调整，除非上负载均衡设备。
那是否可以做BGP的负载均衡呢?
理论上EBGP与IBGP都可以做到负载均衡。
试一下。

实验拓扑图

说明

R4/R7/R6/R2/R5/R1共同组成BGP&MPLS骨干网，R6与R2运行BGP反射，R7/R10/R9为PE，R6/R2为P设备，R8/R3为客户站点1的CE设备，R10/R9为客户站点2的CE设备，分别模拟客户不同的城市点，单PE接入情况和双CE接入情况。客户两个站点的网关都位于CE上，运行双组HSRP，站点1R12与站点2R11分别模拟客户内网交换机/路由器，指两条静态到HSRP的双组地址，实现负载均衡。

接下来，验证单PE与双PE接入，是否都可以负载。

1、配置接口：略

2、配置骨干内部IGP

R1
router ospf 10
 log-adjacency-changes
 network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 20.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R5
router ospf 10
 log-adjacency-changes
 network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 20.1.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R2
router ospf 10
 log-adjacency-changes
 network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 network 20.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 network 20.1.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R6
router ospf 10
 log-adjacency-changes
 network 6.6.6.6 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R7
router ospf 10
 log-adjacency-changes
 network 7.7.7.7 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

3、配置所有BGP

P设备:

R2
router bgp 9809
 no synchronization
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 9809
 neighbor 1.1.1.1 ebgp-multihop 2
 neighbor 1.1.1.1 update-source Loopback0
 eighbor  1.1.1.1 next-hop-self
 neighbor 5.5.5.5 remote-as 9809
 neighbor 5.5.5.5 update-source Loopback0
 eighbor 5.5.5.5  next-hop-self
 neighbor 6.6.6.6 remote-as 9809
 neighbor 6.6.6.6 route-reflector-client
 neighbor 6.6.6.6 next-hop-self
 no auto-summary

R6
router bgp 9809
 no synchronization
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 9809
 neighbor 2.2.2.2 update-source Loopback0
 neighbor 2.2.2.2 route-reflector-client
 neighbor 2.2.2.2 next-hop-self
 neighbor 7.7.7.7 remote-as 9809
 neighbor 7.7.7.7 ebgp-multihop 2
 neighbor 7.7.7.7 update-source Loopback0
 neighbor  7.7.7.7 next-hop-self 
 no auto-summary

PE设备：

R7
router bgp 9809
 no synchronization
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 neighbor 3.3.3.3 remote-as 3
 neighbor 3.3.3.3 ebgp-multihop 2
 neighbor 3.3.3.3 update-source Loopback0
 neighbor 6.6.6.6 remote-as 9809
 neighbor 6.6.6.6 update-source Loopback0
 neighbor 6.6.6.6 next-hop-self
 neighbor 8.8.8.8 remote-as 8
 neighbor 8.8.8.8 ebgp-multihop 2
 neighbor 8.8.8.8 update-source Loopback0
 no auto-summary

R5
router bgp 9809
 no synchronization
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 9809
 neighbor 2.2.2.2 ebgp-multihop 2
 neighbor 2.2.2.2 update-source Loopback0
 neighbor 2.2.2.2 next-hop-self
 neighbor 10.10.10.10 remote-as 10
 neighbor 10.10.10.10 ebgp-multihop 2
 neighbor 10.10.10.10 update-source Loopback0
 no auto-summary

R1
router bgp 9809
 no synchronization
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 9809
 neighbor 2.2.2.2 update-source Loopback0
 neighbor 2.2.2.2 next-hop-self
 neighbor 9.9.9.9 remote-as 9
 neighbor 9.9.9.9 ebgp-multihop 2
 neighbor 9.9.9.9 update-source Loopback0
 no auto-summary

CE设备：

R3
router bgp 3
 no synchronization
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 neighbor 7.7.7.7 remote-as 9809
 neighbor 7.7.7.7 ebgp-multihop 2
 neighbor 7.7.7.7 update-source Loopback0
 neighbor 8.8.8.2 remote-as 8
 no auto-summary

R8
router bgp 8
 no synchronization
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 neighbor 7.7.7.7 remote-as 9809
 neighbor 7.7.7.7 ebgp-multihop 2
 neighbor 7.7.7.7 update-source Loopback0
 neighbor 8.8.8.1 remote-as 3
 no auto-summary

R10
router bgp 10
 no synchronization
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 neighbor 5.5.5.5 remote-as 9809
 neighbor 5.5.5.5 ebgp-multihop 2
 neighbor 5.5.5.5 update-source Loopback0
 neighbor 9.9.9.2 remote-as 9
 no auto-summary

R9
router bgp 9
 no synchronization
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 9809
 neighbor 1.1.1.1 ebgp-multihop 2
 neighbor 1.1.1.1 update-source Loopback0
 neighbor 9.9.9.1 remote-as 10
 no auto-summary

4、双组HSRP

R3
R3(config)#do  show standby brief
                     P indicates configured to preempt.
                     |
Interface   Grp Prio P State    Active          Standby         Virtual IP     
Fa0/0       1   100  P Standby  192.168.1.1     local            192.168.1.254  
Fa0/0       2   120  P  Active     local           192.168.1.1     192.168.1.253  
R3(config)#

R8
R8(config-if)#DO SHOW STANDBY BRIEF
                     P indicates configured to preempt.
                     |
Interface   Grp Prio P State    Active          Standby         Virtual IP     
Fa0/0       1   120  P Active     local           192.168.1.2     192.168.1.254  
Fa0/0       2   100  P Standby  192.168.1.2     local           192.168.1.253  
R8(config-if)#

R9
R9(config-if)#do show standby brief
                     P indicates configured to preempt.
                     |
Interface   Grp Prio P State    Active          Standby         Virtual IP     
Fa0/0       1   120  P   Active   local