d ( M N ) = ∑ i ∣ M ∑ j ∣ N [ g c d ( i , j ) = 1 ] d(MN) = \sum_{i|M} \sum_{j|N} [gcd(i, j) = 1] d(MN)=∑i∣M∑j∣N[gcd(i,j)=1]
设 A A A为 M N MN MN的因子,则 A A A一定能表示成 i ∗ N j i*\frac{N}{j} i∗jN的形式。假设 g c d ( i , j ) ! = 1 gcd(i,j)!=1 gcd(i,j)!=1,则设 i ′ = i ∗ k i'=i*k i′=i∗k, j ′ = j ∗ k j'=j*k j′=j∗k,那么 i ∗ N j = i ′ ∗ k ∗ N j ′ ∗ k = i ′ ∗ N j ′ i*\frac{N}{j}=i'*k*\frac{N}{j'*k}=i'*\frac{N}{j'} i∗jN=i′∗k∗j′∗kN=i′∗j′N,该因子被 i , j i,j i,j和 i ′ , j ′ i',j' i′,j′重复统计,所以要求 g c d ( i , j ) = 1 gcd(i,j)=1 gcd(i,j)=1