UVa 133 The Dole Queue(圈的下标处理)

本题难点在于用数组处理圈状物时下标的计算。

#include <cstdio>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;

const int maxn=25;

int main(){
    int n,k,m;
    while(scanf("%d%d%d",&n,&k,&m)==3&&n){
    int people[maxn];
    memset(people,0,sizeof(people));
    int currA=0,currB=n+1,left=n;     //用left记录剩下的人,作为循环终止的条件 
    while(left){
    //利用下标模拟官员AB的运动 
    int i=k,j=m;
    while(i) {currA=(currA+1+n-1)%n+1;if(!people[currA])i--;}
    while(j){currB=(currB-1+n-1)%n+1;if(!people[currB])j--;}
    if(currA==currB){
        people[currA]=1;
        left--;
        printf("%3d",currA);
    }
    else{
        people[currA]=people[currB]=1;
        left-=2;
        printf("%3d%3d",currA,currB);
    }
    if(left) printf(",");    //输出的处理,别怕“,” 
    }   
    printf("\n");   
 }
 return 0;
} 

注意点:

  1. 变量left的应用
    相较于用left简洁明了,自己通过遍历整个数组来判断循环是否应该结束的方法麻烦冗长而且使“,”的打印不便。
    bool End=false;
    ……
    for(int a=1;a<=n;a++){
        if(!people[a]) break;
        if(a==n) End=true;
    }

启示:当循环与当且有效的元素个数(本题是还没有出队的人)有关时,可以设置一个计数变量

2.“,”的打印
首先克服自己看到这样的输出:完整的一个输出需要分段输出,且中间不是换行而是空格、逗号等而且还要求不能多输出空格、逗号(如本题一次输出的最后不在需要逗号)时的恐惧感。
接下来是解决方案:
仔细分析“,”或者空格出现的条件,或者说是与输出正文的关系; 直接用语句printf(“,”);(怕啥,不就是一句话的事吗= =)

3.圈状循环数组的下标处理:
利用取余运算,关注头尾的处理。
然后本题中,对于currA、currB的处理,之前是这么写的:

    while(i) {currA++; if(!people[(currA+1+n-1)%n+1])i--;}

currA++ 会使currA一直增加而不是循环。

用C++编写程序,实现以下问题2、题目ID Codes(POJ1146) Time Limit: 1000MS Memory Limit: 10000K 描述: It is 2084 and the year of Big Brother has finally arrived, albeit a century late. In order to exercise greater control over its citizens and thereby to counter a chronic breakdown in law and order, the Government decides on a radical measure--all citizens are to have a tiny microcomputer surgically implanted in their left wrists. This computer will contains all sorts of personal information as well as a transmitter which will allow people's movements to be logged and monitored by a central computer. (A desirable side effect of this process is that it will shorten the dole queue for plastic surgeons.) An essential component of each computer will be a unique identification code, consisting of up to 50 characters drawn from the 26 lower case letters. The set of characters for any given code is chosen somewhat haphazardly. The complicated way in which the code is imprinted into the chip makes it much easier for the manufacturer to produce codes which are rearrangements of other codes than to produce new codes with a different selection of letters. Thus, once a set of letters has been chosen all possible codes derivable from it are used before changing the set. For example, suppose it is decided that a code will contain exactly 3 occurrences of a', 2 of b' and 1 of c', then three of the allowable 60 codes under these conditions are: abaabc abaacb ababac These three codes are listed from top to bottom in alphabetic order. Among all codes generated with this set of characters, these codes appear consecutively in this order. Write a program to assist in the issuing of these identification codes. Your program will accept a sequence of no more than 50 lower case letters (which may contain repeated characters) and print the successor code if one exists or the message No Successor' if the given code is the last in the sequence for that set of characters. 输入: Input will consist of a series of lines each containing a string representing a code. The entire file will be terminated by a line consisting of a single #. 输出: Output will consist of one line for each code read containing the successor code or the words 'No Successor'. 样例输入 abaacb cbbaa # 样例输出 ababac No Successor
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05-22
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