ubuntu16.04 安装 docker.ce具体流程以及排坑

1. 移除旧版本(没有可省略)

   sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io

2. 更新apt包索引
   

   sudo apt update

3. 更新时可能会遇到报错  参考链接点击打开链接

   E: Problem executing scripts APT::Update::Post-Invoke-Success
   'if /usr/bin/test -w /var/cache/app-info -a -e /usr/bin/appstreamcli;
    then appstreamcli refresh > /dev/null;
    fi'
   E: Sub-process returned an error code

   则执行下列代码

   sudo pkill -KILL appstreamcli
   or
   sudo kill -KILL $(pgrep appstreamcli)

   继续执行

   wget -P /tmp https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/appstream_0.9.4-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/libappstream3_0.9.4-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb

   sudo dpkg -i /tmp/appstream_0.9.4-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb /tmp/libappstream3_0.9.4-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb

4. 安装https支持包
   

   sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https 

5. 安装ca证书

   sudo apt-get install ca-certificates 

6. 安装curl

   sudo apt-get install curl

7. 安装software-properties-common工具包

   sudo apt-get install software-properties-common

8. 添加Docker官方GPG key
   

   curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

9. 添加稳定版的仓库源(按架构选择)    要将将官方文档的软件源更换成阿里云的软件源，不然会被墙（

   https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu
   替换成
   https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu

   amd64:

   sudo add-apt-repository \
      "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu \
      $(lsb_release -cs) \
      stable"

   armhf:

   sudo add-apt-repository \
      "deb [arch=armhf] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu \
      $(lsb_release -cs) \
      stable"

   s390x

   sudo add-apt-repository \
      "deb [arch=s390x] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu \
      $(lsb_release -cs) \
      stable"

10. 更新apt包索引

    sudo apt update

11. 安装

    sudo apt-get install docker-ce

12. 修改为从阿里云仓库拉取镜像

    curl -sSL http://acs-public-mirror.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/docker-engine/internet | sh -

13. 验证docker是否被安装

    sudo docker run hello-world

    正确结果如下

    ....    
    Hello from Docker!
    ....