以下是使用WGAN-GP训练mnist数据集的步骤：
1.导入必要的库和模块
```python
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras import layers
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
```
2.加载mnist数据集
```python
(train_images, train_labels), (_, _) = tf.keras.datasets.mnist.load_data()
train_images = train_images.reshape(train_images.shape[0], 28, 28, 1).astype('float32')
train_images = (train_images - 127.5) / 127.5 # 将像素值归一化到[-1, 1]之间
BUFFER_SIZE = 60000
BATCH_SIZE = 256
train_dataset = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(train_images).shuffle(BUFFER_SIZE).batch(BATCH_SIZE)
```
3.定义生成器和判别器模型
```python
def make_generator_model():
model = tf.keras.Sequential()
model.add(layers.Dense(7*7*256, use_bias=False, input_shape=(100,)))
model.add(layers.BatchNormalization())
model.add(layers.LeakyReLU())
model.add(layers.Reshape((7, 7, 256)))
assert model.output_shape == (None, 7, 7, 256) # 注意：batch size 没有限制
model.add(layers.Conv2DTranspose(128, (5, 5), strides=(1, 1), padding='same', use_bias=False))
assert model.output_shape == (None, 7, 7, 128)
model.add(layers.BatchNormalization())
model.add(layers.LeakyReLU())
model.add(layers.Conv2DTranspose(64, (5, 5), strides=(2, 2), padding='same', use_bias=False))
assert model.output_shape == (None, 14, 14, 64)
model.add(layers.BatchNormalization())
model.add(layers.LeakyReLU())
model.add(layers.Conv2DTranspose(1, (5, 5), strides=(2, 2), padding='same', use_bias=False, activation='tanh'))
assert model.output_shape == (None, 28, 28, 1)
return model
def make_discriminator_model():
model = tf.keras.Sequential()
model.add(layers.Conv2D(64, (5, 5), strides=(2, 2), padding='same',
input_shape=[28, 28, 1]))
model.add(layers.LeakyReLU())
model.add(layers.Dropout(0.3))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(128, (5, 5), strides=(2, 2), padding='same'))
model.add(layers.LeakyReLU())
model.add(layers.Dropout(0.3))
model.add(layers.Flatten())
model.add(layers.Dense(1))
return model
```
4.定义损失函数和优化器
```python
generator_optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(1e-4)
discriminator_optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(1e-4)
def discriminator_loss(real_output, fake_output):
real_loss = tf.reduce_mean(real_output)
fake_loss = tf.reduce_mean(fake_output)
return fake_loss - real_loss
def generator_loss(fake_output):
return -tf.reduce_mean(fake_output)
```
5.定义训练函数
```python
@tf.function
def train_step(images):
noise = tf.random.normal([BATCH_SIZE, 100])
with tf.GradientTape() as gen_tape, tf.GradientTape() as disc_tape:
generated_images = generator(noise, training=True)
real_output = discriminator(images, training=True)
fake_output = discriminator(generated_images, training=True)
gen_loss = generator_loss(fake_output)
disc_loss = discriminator_loss(real_output, fake_output)
gradients_of_generator = gen_tape.gradient(gen_loss, generator.trainable_variables)
gradients_of_discriminator = disc_tape.gradient(disc_loss, discriminator.trainable_variables)
generator_optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(gradients_of_generator, generator.trainable_variables))
discriminator_optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(gradients_of_discriminator, discriminator.trainable_variables))
```
6.训练模型
```python
EPOCHS = 100
noise_dim = 100
num_examples_to_generate = 16
# 我们将重复使用该种子（因此在动画 GIF 中更容易可视化进度）
seed = tf.random.normal([num_examples_to_generate, noise_dim])
generator = make_generator_model()
discriminator = make_discriminator_model()
for epoch in range(EPOCHS):
for image_batch in train_dataset:
train_step(image_batch)
# 每 15 个 epoch 生成一次图片
if epoch % 15 == 0:
generate_and_save_images(generator, epoch + 1, seed)
# 生成最终的图片
generate_and_save_images(generator, EPOCHS, seed)
```
7.生成图片
```python
def generate_and_save_images(model, epoch, test_input):
# 注意 training` 设定为 False
# 因此，所有层都在推理模式下运行（batchnorm）。
predictions = model(test_input, training=False)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(4, 4))
for i in range(predictions.shape[0]):
plt.subplot(4, 4, i+1)
plt.imshow(predictions[i, :, :, 0] * 127.5 + 127.5, cmap='gray')
plt.axis('off')
plt.savefig('image_at_epoch_{:04d}.png'.format(epoch))
plt.show()
```
本文介绍了Wasserstein GAN with Gradient Penalty (WGAN-GP)在生成MNIST数据集上的应用。WGAN-GP通过梯度惩罚解决原始WGAN的梯度二值化和消失爆炸问题，提高了训练效率。尽管GAN在训练中面临判别器过于强大导致生成样例多样性不足的问题，WGAN-GP旨在通过拉近生成样本分布和真实样本分布的距离来优化这一状况。实验结果显示，生成的图像越来越接近真实MNIST数据。
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