树莓4B安装ubuntu server20.04

一. 树莓4B安装

1. 从树莓官网下载镜像烧录工具, 并安装

   Raspberry Pi OS - Raspberry Pi

2. 从ubuntu官网下载系统镜像

   Install Ubuntu on a Raspberry Pi | Ubuntu

3. 镜像烧录
   

4. 烧录完成后, 重新插入sd卡, 修改wlan配置文件

   # network-config
   # 该文件用于初始化时网络连接, 如果wifi名称有空格需要加引号, 密码必须要有引号
   wifis:
   	wlan0:
   	dhcp4: true
   	optional: true
   	access-points:
   	TP-LINK_RADON:
   		password: "asdfghjkl1"
   	<WIFI_NAME>:
   		password: "xxxxxx"
   

5. 将sd卡插入树莓派

   # 树莓要求
   # 1. 连接显示器   --  方便命令行操作, 获取ip, 修改信息等; 否则需要进行ssh相关的配置以及通过路由器查看ip
   # 2. 连接鼠标, 键盘
   

二. 树莓使用

修改root用户密码, 并允许root用户登录

sudo -s
sudo passwd root

sudo passwd --unlock root

sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# PermitRootLogin yes

修改apt源

# 中科大源
# 默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal main main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 清华源
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# 阿里源
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

进入命令行后更改wifi

sudo vim etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml
# 修改以下wifi的信息
network:
    ethernets:
        eth0:
            dhcp4: true
            optional: true
    wifis:
        wlan0:
            dhcp4: true
            optional: true
            access-points:
                "无线网络的名称":
                    password: "密码"

sudo netplan generate
sudo netplan apply

# 如果报错提示netplan-wpa-wlan0.service服务未找到，重启一下树莓派。

开启蓝牙与连接使用

# 安装支持库
apt install bluez
# 初始化蓝牙设备, 否则可能会提示无可用设备
sudo hciattach /dev/ttyAMA0 bcm43xx 921600 noflow -
# 进入蓝牙控制面板
sudo bluetoothctl
# 打开蓝牙
power on
# 设置可被发现
discoverable on
# 扫描可连接蓝牙
scan on
# 关闭扫描
scan off
# 开始配对
pair xxxx
# 连接设备
connect xxx
# 信任某个设备, 下次自动连接, 不需要认证
trust xxx