强大的JS方法Object.defineProperty详解
Object.defineProperty是一个很了不起的方法。vue.js之所以能够实现双向绑定便是拜它所赐!defineProperty直接翻译过来即是“定义属性”,不过该方法可不仅仅是定义属性这么简单,咱们还可以通过它来对属性进行拦截设置!
var obj={};//或obj=new Object;
// 添加属性(描述)
obj.userName="laotie";//或 obj["userName"]="laotie"
// 添加方法(行为)
obj.run=function(){};//或 obj["run"]=function(){};
为对象增加属性的方法除了上面的方式外,咱们还可以通过Object.defineProperty来定义新属性,或者对原属性进行修改。
Object.defineProperty(obj, prop, descriptor):
- obj:必需。目标对象
- prop:必需。需定义或修改的属性的名字
- descriptor:必需。目标属性所拥有的特性
两个参数不多说了,看代码就明白了,我们主要看第三个参数descriptor
1、 value
通过value可以为对象设置属性,对应的值可以是任意类型,默认为undefined
var obj={};
console.log(obj.userName);// undefined
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
value:"zhouyajing"
});
console.log(obj.userName);// zhouyajing
可以对原有值进行修改
var obj={};
obj.userName="laoli"
console.log(obj.userName);// laoli
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
value:"zhouyajing"
});
console.log(obj.userName);// zhouyajing
返回的值为传入函数的对象,即第一个参数obj
var obj={};
var obj2=Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
value:"laozhang"
});
console.log(obj==obj2);// true
2、writable
用于设置属性的值是否允许被重写。true为允许,false不允许被重写,默认为false
设置为false不允许被重写,并没有错误抛出
var obj={};
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
value:"zhouyajing",
writable:false
});
obj.userName="laoliu";
console.log(obj.userName);// zhouyajing
如果在严格描述下会报错
"use strict";
var obj={};
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
value:"zhouyajing",
writable:false
});
obj.userName="laoliu";
//报错:TypeError: Cannot assign to read only property 'userName' of object
默认为false,值不允许被修改
var obj={};
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
value:"zhouyajing"
});
obj.userName="laoliu";
console.log(obj.userName);// laozhang
设置为true,允许被修改
var obj={};
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
value:"zhouyajing",
writable:true
});
obj.userName="laoliu";
console.log(obj.userName);// laoliu
2、enumerable
该描述决定着指定的属性是否允许被枚举(使用for…in或Object.keys())。设置为true可以被枚举;设置为false,不能被枚举。默认为false
设置为false不允许被枚举
var obj={
age:18
};
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
value:"zhouyajing",
writable:false,
enumerable:false
});
for(var key in obj){
console.log(key,obj[key])// age 18
}
console.log(Object.keys(obj));//[ 'age' ]
默认值为false, 不允许被枚举
var obj={
age:18
};
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
value:"zhouyajing",
writable:false
});
for(var key in obj){
console.log(key,obj[key])// age 18
}
console.log(Object.keys(obj));//[ 'age' ]
设置为true,允许被枚举
var obj={
age:18
};
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
value:"zhouyajing",
writable:false,
enumerable:true
});
for(var key in obj){
/* age 18
userName zhouyajing*/
console.log(key,obj[key]);
}
console.log(Object.keys(obj));//[ 'age', 'userName' ]
4、configurable
configurable是一个总开关,一旦你将它设置为false,就不能删除指定的属性也不能再设置他的(value,writable,configurable),设置为true,允许被删除,也允许被设置
为false不允许被删除,不会报错
var obj={};
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
value:"zhouyajing",
configurable:false
});
delete obj.userName;
console.log(obj.userName);//zhouyajing
为false不允许被重新设置,会报错
var obj={};
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
value:"zhouyajing",
configurable:false
});
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
value:"laoli"
});
//报错:TypeError: Cannot redefine property: userName
为true时,允许被删除
var obj={};
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
value:"zhouyajing",
configurable:true
});
delete obj.userName;
console.log(obj.userName);//undefined
为true时,允许被重新设置
var obj={};
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
value:"zhouyajing",
configurable:true
});
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
value:"laoli"
});
console.log(obj.userName);//laoli
5、get/set存取器描述
当你需要设置或获取对象的某个属性值的时候,可以使用该方法。
var obj={};
var initValue="zzz";
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
get(){
// 当读取userName时会有输出
console.log("执行了get");
return initValue;
},
set(newValue){
// newValue为写入的值
console.log("执行了set");
initValue= newValue+"吧!"
}
});
/* 执行了get
zzz */
console.log(obj.userName);
obj.userName="zhouyajing";// 执行了set
/* 执行了get
zhouyajing */
console.log(obj.userName);
get或set不是必须成对出现,任写其一就可以
var obj={};
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
get(){
return "zhouyajing"
}
});
console.log(obj.userName);//zhouyajing
当使用了get或set方法,不允许使用writable和value这两个属性
var obj={};
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
value:"zzz",
get(){
return "zhouyajing"
}
});
console.log(obj.userName);
//报错:Invalid property descriptor. Cannot both specify accessors and a value or writable attribute
实例
var obj={};
var userName="";
var userArr=[];
Object.defineProperty(obj,"userName",{
get(){
return userName;
},
set(value){
userArr.push(value);
userName=value;
}
});
obj.userName="张三";
obj.userName="李四";
obj.userName="王五";
console.log(userArr);// [ '张三', '李四', '王五' ]