STM32 HAL库 基于U盘模式升级固件 - IAP

目录

概述

一、STM32CUBEMX配置

二、编码

1）bootloader工程

2)  app工程

---

概述

     做电子产品，如果不支持固件升级，后期可能带来维护成本非常巨大，为了降低后期维护成本，引入固件升级功能是基本条件。网上这些资料一抓一大把，我这里直接说怎么使用，具体原理，大家伙自行网上查找资料科普，本篇文章基本都是基于这位大佬的无私分享，链接，在此本人分享一种，将APP的bin文件复制到U盘里，进行固件升级方式。比起ST官网介绍的DFU模式还要便捷，无需第三方上位机，无需安装任何驱动，方可对产品固件升级。

ST官网例程（AN4657-STM32Cube_IAP_using_UART）链接 

同时，也可以在ST官网搜索栏中输入：“IAP”关键字搜索即可，如下所示。

有两种方法：

1）通过一个KEY触发是否跳转；

2）通过检测USB拔插状态，来识别，跳转app或者是bootloader模式，当USB拔出时，重新上电，检测到3s时，会出现跳转到app

固件升级需要分两部分：bootloader +  app 

由上图可知，STM32 内置的 Flash 被分成了两个部分，分别用来保存 Bootloader 和 Application 程序，这里有两个有两个 FLASH 起始地址 0x8000000 和 0x8008000:

为什么是 0x8000000 这个地址呢？而不是其他地址呢？这是由 M3 内核硬件上的设计就已经这么做了，人为设计好了，可以参考 M3 内核权威指南；

0x8008000 这个地址则是由我们自己来设置，这个地址的范围必须在 0x8000000 和 0x8020000 之间，所以一般根据 Bootloader 程序的最终大小，在这范围之间取一个比较合理的值即可。如下图所示；

注：本文使用的STM32F103CBT6，属于中等大小 Flash，128K = 0x20000，所以地址范围是 0x8000000~0x8020000；

bootloader启动流程，查阅STM32官网资料得知，如下

由上图可知：

在bootloader工程中的main.c文件做了跳转地址校验：

本文中 ApplicationAddress = 0x8000000；那么*(__IO uint32_t*)APP_ADDR)则是这个地址中所保存的值，由表格一可以知道，程序起始地址的第一个向量地址保存的栈顶的，因此，地址 0x800_0000 和 0x800_8000 中保存的值都是指向栈顶，如下图所示；

栈是在 RAM 上分配，因此 RAM 的有效范围要做一个检测，栈顶地址和 0x2FFE0000 做与运算可以推算出，要校验的 RAM 范围是 0x2000_0000—0x2001_FFFF，所以 RAM 大小是 128K，官方 DEMO 默认使用 HD 高密度系列，所以是 128K，本文是 CBT6，20K 的 RAM，则需要改成 0x2FFFB000：

计算方式：20K = 20*1024= 0x5000，0x2FFF_FFFF - (0x5000 - 1) = 0x2FFF_B000

硬件平台：STM32F103CBT6

编码平台IDE：keil V5.29

一、STM32CUBEMX配置

（注：只要看USB功能配置即可，LED只是方便观察，KEY是用于区分升级与不升级切换作用。）

以上关于STM32CubeMX配置介绍完毕，接下来介绍编码步骤。

二、编码

1）bootloader工程

把开源源码下载来，分别把fat32.c、fat32.h、btldr_config.h 文件添加到本工程即可。

在此，只需要关注：main.c、usbd_storage_if.c文件

usbd_storage_if.c文件

/* USER CODE BEGIN INCLUDE */
#include "fat32.h"
/* USER CODE END INCLUDE */
.
.
.
.
/* USER CODE BEGIN PRIVATE_FUNCTIONS_DECLARATION */
static void _STORAGE_ReadBlocks(uint32_t *buf, uint64_t readAddr, uint32_t blockSize, uint32_t numOfBlocks)
{
  uint32_t iBlock;
  uint8_t* buf8 = (uint8_t*)buf;
  
  for(iBlock=0; iBlock<numOfBlocks; iBlock++)
  {
    fat32_read(buf8, (uint32_t)readAddr);
    readAddr += blockSize;
    buf8 += blockSize;
  }
}

static void _STORAGE_WriteBlocks(uint32_t *buf, uint64_t writeAddr, uint32_t blockSize, uint32_t numOfBlocks)
{
  uint32_t iBlock;
  uint8_t* buf8 = (uint8_t*)buf;
  
  for(iBlock=0; iBlock<numOfBlocks; iBlock++)
  {
    fat32_write(buf8, (uint32_t)writeAddr);
    writeAddr += blockSize;
    buf8 += blockSize;
  }
}
/* USER CODE END PRIVATE_FUNCTIONS_DECLARATION */

.
.
.
/**
  * @brief  .
  * @param  lun: .
  * @retval USBD_OK if all operations are OK else USBD_FAIL
  */
int8_t STORAGE_Read_FS(uint8_t lun, uint8_t *buf, uint32_t blk_addr, uint16_t blk_len)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
	_STORAGE_ReadBlocks((uint32_t *)buf, (uint64_t)(blk_addr * STORAGE_BLK_SIZ), STORAGE_BLK_SIZ, blk_len);
  return (USBD_OK);
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}

/**
  * @brief  .
  * @param  lun: .
  * @retval USBD_OK if all operations are OK else USBD_FAIL
  */
int8_t STORAGE_Write_FS(uint8_t lun, uint8_t *buf, uint32_t blk_addr, uint16_t blk_len)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 7 */
	_STORAGE_WriteBlocks((uint32_t *)buf, (uint64_t)(blk_addr * STORAGE_BLK_SIZ), STORAGE_BLK_SIZ, blk_len);
  return (USBD_OK);
  /* USER CODE END 7 */
}

这里补充一下，直接使用STM32CubeMx生成U盘模式，如果U盘里没有任何文件，接上PC端会提示，格式化该U盘，想解决这个问题，只需在U盘添加一下文件即可，按照上面代码所示，同时把代码的bin文件备份一份在U盘中。

烧录bootloader程序后，需要一条杜邦线把PA0拉低，然后再使用USB数据线连接最小系统板，才能在PC中看到识别U盘。

如下所示：

 

main.c文件

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under Ultimate Liberty license
  * SLA0044, the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with
  * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                             www.st.com/SLA0044
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "usb_device.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include "btldr_config.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
extern USBD_HandleTypeDef hUsbDeviceFS;
/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

int fputc(int ch, FILE* FILE)
{
    HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t*)&ch, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
    return ch;
}

bool is_appcode_exist()
{
  uint32_t *mem = (uint32_t*)APP_ADDR;
  
  if ((mem[0] == 0x00000000 || mem[0] == 0xFFFFFFFF) && \
      (mem[1] == 0x00000000 || mem[1] == 0xFFFFFFFF) && \
      (mem[2] == 0x00000000 || mem[2] == 0xFFFFFFFF) && \
      (mem[3] == 0x00000000 || mem[3] == 0xFFFFFFFF))
  {
    return false;
  }
  else
  {
    return true;
  }
}


static void JumpToApp(void)
{
    typedef  void (*pFunction)(void);
    static pFunction JumpToApplication;
    static uint32_t JumpAddress;

    /* Test if user code is programmed starting from USBD_DFU_APP_DEFAULT_ADD * address */
    if (((*(__IO uint32_t *) APP_ADDR) & 0x2FFE0000) == 0x20000000)
    {
        /* Jump to user application */
        JumpAddress = *(__IO uint32_t *) (APP_ADDR + 4u);
			  //HAL_DeInit();
        JumpToApplication = (pFunction) JumpAddress;

        /* Initialize user application's Stack Pointer */
        __set_MSP((*(__IO uint32_t *) APP_ADDR));
        JumpToApplication();
    }
}

bool is_button_down()
{
  return (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(KEY_GPIO_Port, KEY_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}
/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
	uint8_t usb_current_state = 0;
	uint8_t usb_input_state = 0;
    uint32_t overTime = 0;
  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  MX_USB_DEVICE_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
	printf("heihei !!!\r\n");

#if 0
	if(!is_appcode_exist() || is_button_down())
  {
    MX_USB_DEVICE_Init();		//注意，这里初始化，上面就要注释掉才行。
		printf("Jump failed, USB firmware upgrade mode!!!\r\n");
    while(1)
    {
    }
  }
  else
  {
		printf("Jump succeed!!!\r\n");
    JumpToApp();
  }
#endif
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
#if	1		
		if(hUsbDeviceFS.dev_state != usb_current_state){
			if(hUsbDeviceFS.dev_state== USBD_STATE_CONFIGURED){
				usb_input_state = 1;
				printf("usb is connected!!!\r\n");
			}else if(hUsbDeviceFS.dev_state== USBD_STATE_SUSPENDED){
				printf("usb Disconnect!!!\r\n");
			}else{
				//
			}
			usb_current_state = hUsbDeviceFS.dev_state;
	  }
 
	  // 
	  if(overTime++ > 3000){
			// 
			if(usb_input_state == 0 && (is_appcode_exist() == 1)){
				printf("---system run -app\r\n");
				JumpToApp();
				printf("---system run -app error!!!!\r\n");
			}
	  }
	  HAL_Delay(1000);
      HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);
#endif			

    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_USB;
  PeriphClkInit.UsbClockSelection = RCC_USBCLKSOURCE_PLL_DIV1_5;
  if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */

  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

2)  app工程

该工程STM32CubeMX配置基本跟BootLoder一样，只是使用了LED与串口功能。

main.c文件

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
int fputc(int ch, FILE* FILE)
{
    HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t*)&ch, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
    return ch;
}
/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
	SCB->VTOR = FLASH_BASE | 0x8000;
  __ASM("CPSIE I");//
  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
		HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin);
		printf("runing app!!! \r\n");
		HAL_Delay(500);
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */

  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

需要生成.bin文件

fromelf.exe --bin --output=.\out\@L.bin !L

以上步骤，只需编译，无需使用ST-Link下载，生成.bin文件如下：

烧录固件顺序，先烧录bootloader，再使用拷贝文件方式进行固件升级。操作如下：

运行结果：

该文章源码：链接

参考文章：链接

（注：csdn下载的源码需要更改以下地方）

总结：在此做下笔录，方便后期参阅，同时也给嵌入式一些同仁们参考吧！加油！！！