3D游戏编程之巡逻兵小游戏

巡逻兵小游戏

---

实验要求

• 游戏设计要求
  
  • 创建一个地图和若干巡逻兵(使用动画)；
  • 每个巡逻兵走一个3~5个边的凸多边型，位置数据是相对地址。即每次确定下一个目标位置，用自己当前位置为原点计算；
  • 巡逻兵碰撞到障碍物，则会自动选下一个点为目标；
  • 巡逻兵在设定范围内感知到玩家，会自动追击玩家；
  • 失去玩家目标后，继续巡逻；
• 程序设计要求
  
  • 必须使用订阅与发布模式传消息
  • subject：OnLostGoal
  • Publisher: ?
  • Subscriber: ?
  • 工厂模式生产巡逻兵

---

设计流程

1.资源

在unity资源商店中下载了迷宫和人物的模型

给玩家和巡逻兵加上走路的动画

---

2.导演

这是一个用来管理游戏场景的导演类

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class SSDirector : System.Object
{

    private static SSDirector _instance; //导演实例
    public ISceneController CurrentScenceController { get; set; } //当前场景
    public static SSDirector GetInstance() //获取导演实例
    {
        if (_instance == null)
        {
            _instance = new SSDirector();
        }
        return _instance;
    }
}

---

3.游戏场景

只是游戏的第一个场景，用来加载资源。运用观察者模式，在游戏场景中订阅了分数以及游戏结束的事件，并在该类中实现具体事件。此外还提供了UserGUI可以使用的接口。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public enum GameState:int { GAMEOVER,RUNNING,RESTART} //表示游戏状态的枚举

public class FirstController : MonoBehaviour, ISceneController, IUserAction {

    PatrolFactory df = null; //巡逻兵工厂
    GameState gamestate;     //游戏状态
    private GameObject player; //玩家
    private int score;       //分数

    void Awake()
    {
        SSDirector director = SSDirector.GetInstance();
        director.CurrentScenceController = this;
        df = Singleton<PatrolFactory>.Instance;
        director.CurrentScenceController.LoadResources();
        gamestate = GameState.RUNNING;
        score = 0;

        this.gameObject.AddComponent<UserGUI>();
        this.gameObject.AddComponent<GameEventManager>();
    }

    //加载游戏界面资源
    public void LoadResources()
    {
        //产生迷宫
        GameObject maze = Instantiate<GameObject>(Resources.Load<GameObject>("prefabs/maze"));
        maze.name = "maze";

        //产生玩家
        player = Instantiate<GameObject>(Resources.Load<GameObject>("prefabs/FreeVoxelGirlBlackhairPrefab 1"));
        player.name = "player";
        player.transform.position = new Vector3(0, 0, 2);

        //产生巡逻兵
        df.GetPatrol(new Vector3(-13,0,8), PatrolDirection.RIGHT);
        df.GetPatrol(new Vector3(3, 0, 8), PatrolDirection.DOWN);
        df.GetPatrol(new Vector3(13, 0, 2),PatrolDirection.LEFT);
        df.GetPatrol(new Vector3(-13, 0, -8),PatrolDirection.UP);
        df.GetPatrol(new Vector3(-3, 0, -2),PatrolDirection.RIGHT);
        df.GetPatrol(new Vector3(13, 0, -2),PatrolDirection.DOWN);
    }

    void OnEnable()
    {
        //订阅计分和游戏结束事件
        GameEventManager.OnScoreAction += addScore;
        GameEventManager.OnGameOver += SetGameOver;
    }

    void OnDisable()
    {
        //取消订阅
        GameEventManager.OnScoreAction -= addScore;
        GameEventManager.OnGameOver -= SetGameOver;
    }

    //获得当前游戏状态
    public GameState getGameState()
    {
        return gamestate;
    }

    //获得当前分数
    public int getScore()
    {
        return score;
    }

    //使游戏结束
    public void SetGameOver()
    {
        gamestate = GameState.GAMEOVER;
    }

    //设置当前游戏状态
    public void setGameState(GameState state)
    {
        gamestate = state;
    }

    //重新开始游戏
    public void restart()
    {
        player.transform.position = new Vector3(0, 0, 2);
        gamestate = GameState.RUNNING;
        df.RestartAll();

        score = -1;
    }

    //增加分数
    public void addScore()
    {
        score++;
    }
}

---

4.接口

这是场景的一个接口，其他类可以通过调用接口中的函数来与游戏场景进行交互。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public interface IUserAction  {

    GameState getGameState(); //获得当前游戏状态
    int getScore();           //获得当前分数
    void setGameState(GameState state); //设置游戏状态
    void restart();           //重新开始游戏
    void addScore();          //增加分数
}

这是场景的另一个接口，里面声明了场景应实现的功能。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public interface ISceneController {

    void LoadResources(); //加载场景资源
}

---

5.事件源

这是观察者模式中的事件源，里面定义了所有事件触发的函数。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class GameEventManager : MonoBehaviour {

    public delegate void ScoreAction(); //分数事件
    public static event ScoreAction OnScoreAction;

    public delegate void GameoverAction(); //游戏结束事件
    public static event GameoverAction OnGameOver;

    public void PlayerEscape() //玩家逃离则触发分数事件
    {
        if (OnScoreAction != null)
        {
            OnScoreAction();
        }
    }

    public void GameOver() //游戏结束则触发游戏结束事件
    {
        if(OnGameOver!=null)
        {
            OnGameOver();
        }
    }
}

---

6.单例模式

提供获取单例的方法。使用工厂，事件源等类时都会用到。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class Singleton<T> : MonoBehaviour where T : MonoBehaviour
{
    protected static T instance;  //实例
    public static T Instance //获得单实例
    {
        get
        {
            if (instance == null)
            {
                instance = (T)FindObjectOfType(typeof(T));
                if (instance == null)
                {
                    Debug.LogError("An instance of " + typeof(T)
                        + " is needed in the scene, but there is none.");
                }
            }
            return instance;
        }
    }
}

---

7.工厂模式

这是管理巡逻兵的工厂。能产生巡逻兵和在游戏重新开始时将巡逻兵复原。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class PatrolFactory : MonoBehaviour {

    List<PatrolData> used = new List<PatrolData>(); //正在使用的巡逻兵
    List<PatrolData> free = new List<PatrolData>(); //未被使用的巡逻兵

    //产生巡逻兵
    public GameObject GetPatrol(Vector3 pos,PatrolDirection d)
    {
        GameObject patrol = null;
        if (free.Count == 0)
        { 
            patrol = Instantiate<GameObject>(Resources.Load<GameObject>("prefabs/FreeVoxelGirlPrefab 1"));
            patrol.AddComponent<PatrolData>();
        }
        else
        {
            patrol = free[0].gameObject;
            free.Remove(free[0]);
        }
        patrol.transform.position = pos;
        patrol.SetActive(true);
        patrol.GetComponent<PatrolData>().direction = (PatrolDirection)(((int)d+3)%4);
        patrol.GetComponent<PatrolData>().initDirection = (PatrolDirection)(((int)d + 3) % 4);
        patrol.GetComponent<PatrolData>().target = pos;
        patrol.GetComponent<PatrolData>().initTarget = pos;
        used.Add(patrol.GetComponent<PatrolData>());
        return patrol;
    }

    //复原巡逻兵
    public void RestartAll()
    {
        foreach(PatrolData p in used)
        {
            p.target = p.initTarget;
            p.direction = p.initDirection;
        }
    }

---

8.巡逻兵

这是管理巡逻兵信息以及动作的类。作为观察者，触发事件源。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public enum state : int { PATROL, CATCH }
public enum PatrolDirection : int { RIGHT, DOWN, LEFT, UP }

public class PatrolData : MonoBehaviour {


    public state patrolState; //巡逻兵状态
    public PatrolDirection direction; //巡逻方向
    public PatrolDirection initDirection; //最初的巡逻方向（用于还原）
    public Vector3 target; //巡逻目标位置
    public Vector3 initTarget; //最初的巡逻目标位置（用于还原）
    public float speed = 1f;  //巡逻速度
    public float catchSpeed = 2f; //追捕速度
    public GameObject player;  //追捕的玩家

    private void Start()
    {
        patrolState = state.PATROL;
    }

    private void Update()
    {
        if(patrolState == state.PATROL)
        {
           //巡逻
            this.transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(this.transform.position,
                target, speed * Time.deltaTime);
            //巡逻兵转弯
            if(transform.position == target)
            {
                direction= (PatrolDirection)(((int)direction + 1) % 4);
                if(direction == PatrolDirection.RIGHT)
                {
                    target = new Vector3(target.x+6, target.y, target.z);
                }
                else if(direction == PatrolDirection.DOWN)
                {
                    target = new Vector3(target.x, target.y, target.z-6);
                }
                else if (direction == PatrolDirection.UP)
                {
                    target = new Vector3(target.x, target.y, target.z + 6);
                }
                else if (direction == PatrolDirection.LEFT)
                {
                    target = new Vector3(target.x-6, target.y, target.z);
                }
            }
        }
        else if(patrolState == state.CATCH)
        {
            //追捕玩家
            this.transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(this.transform.position, 
                player.transform.position, catchSpeed * Time.deltaTime);
            //追到玩家，发出游戏结束消息
            if(this.transform.position == player.transform.position)
            {
                Singleton<GameEventManager>.Instance.GameOver();
            }
        }
    }

    void OnTriggerEnter(Collider collider)
    {
        //玩家进入追捕范围，换成追捕状态
        if (collider.gameObject.tag == "Player")
        {
            player = collider.gameObject;
            patrolState = state.CATCH;
        }
    }
    void OnTriggerExit(Collider collider)
    {
        //玩家逃离追捕范围，换成巡逻模式,发出玩家逃离的消息
        if (collider.gameObject.tag == "Player")
        {
            patrolState = state.PATROL;
            Singleton<GameEventManager>.Instance.PlayerEscape();
        }
    }
}

---

9.游戏玩家

该类定义了玩家如何利用键盘操纵人物。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class joystick : MonoBehaviour {

    public float speedX = 5f; //行走速度
    public float speedY = 5f;
    public float rotate_speed = 1500f; //转弯速度

    // Use this for initialization
    void Start () {

    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update () {
        //操作上下左右键盘使玩家移动
        float translationY = Input.GetAxis("Vertical") * speedY;
        float translationX = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") * speedX;
        translationX *= Time.deltaTime;
        translationY *= Time.deltaTime;
        transform.Translate(translationX,0 , translationY);
        transform.Rotate(0, translationX * rotate_speed * Time.deltaTime, 0);
        //防止玩家撞墙后拐弯
        if (transform.localEulerAngles.x != 0 || transform.localEulerAngles.z != 0)
        {
            transform.localEulerAngles = new Vector3(0,transform.localEulerAngles.y, 0);
        }
        if (transform.position.y != 0)
        {
            transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x, 0, transform.position.z);
        }
    }

}

---

代码与视频

代码地址
视频地址