OpenCV遍历图像
在图形处理中,遍历每个像素点是最基本的功能,是做算法的基础,这篇文章来总结一下OpenCV遍历图像的几种方法。
本文章参考文档OpenCV tutorials的how_to_scan_images.cpp例子。
最有效率–指针
用c语言直接访问是最有效率的,最快的,下面是简单的示例。
int scan_image_c(Mat &I)
{
int channels = I.channels();
if (channels != 3)
{
printf("test support only three channel.\n");
return -1;
}
for (int i = 0; i < I.rows; i++)
{
Vec3b *ptr = I.ptr<Vec3b>(i);
for (int j = 0; j < I.cols; j++)
{
ptr[j][0] = 0;
ptr[j][1] = 0;
ptr[j][2] = 0;
}
}
return 0;
}
最安全–迭代器
迭代器是C++中的一个概念,因为迭代器从用户手中接管了一些工作,它会保证访问的安全,所以必然会导致一些性能上的降低,简单例子如下。
int scan_image_iterator(Mat &I)
{
int channels = I.channels();
if (channels != 3)
{
printf("test support only three channel.\n");
return -1;
}
MatIterator_<Vec3b> it, end;
for( it = I.begin<Vec3b>(), end = I.end<Vec3b>(); it != end; ++it)
{
(*it)[0] = 0;
(*it)[1] = 0;
(*it)[2] = 0;
}
return 0;
}
最便捷–at方法
OpenCV的Mat类中有一个at方法,它可以直接返回某个像素点,示例如下。
int scan_image_random(Mat &I)
{
int channels = I.channels();
if (channels != 3)
{
printf("test support only three channel.\n");
return -1;
}
for( int i = 0; i < I.rows; ++i)
{
for( int j = 0; j < I.cols; ++j
{
I.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[0] = 0;
I.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[1] = 0;
I.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[2] = 0;
}
}
return 0;
}
完整例子
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int scan_image_c(Mat &I);
int scan_image_iterator(Mat &I);
int scan_image_random(Mat &I);
int main( int argc, char* argv[])
{
if (argc != 2)
{
cout << "input parameters failed!" << endl;
return -1;
}
Mat I;
I = imread(argv[1], IMREAD_COLOR);
if (I.empty())
{
cout << "The image" << argv[1] << " could not be loaded." << endl;
return -1;
}
const int times = 100;
double t = 0;
t = (double)getTickCount();
for (int i = 0; i < times; ++i)
{
cv::Mat clone_i = I.clone();
scan_image_c(clone_i);
}
t = 1000*((double)getTickCount() - t)/getTickFrequency();
t /= times;
cout << "Time of scan_image_c (averaged for "
<< times << " runs): " << t << " ms."<< endl;
t = (double)getTickCount();
for (int i = 0; i < times; ++i)
{
cv::Mat clone_i = I.clone();
scan_image_iterator(clone_i);
}
t = 1000*((double)getTickCount() - t)/getTickFrequency();
t /= times;
cout << "Time of scan_image_iterator (averaged for "
<< times << " runs): " << t << " ms."<< endl;
t = (double)getTickCount();
for (int i = 0; i < times; ++i)
{
cv::Mat clone_i = I.clone();
scan_image_random(clone_i);
}
t = 1000*((double)getTickCount() - t)/getTickFrequency();
t /= times;
cout << "Time of scan_image_random (averaged for "
<< times << " runs): " << t << " ms."<< endl;
return 0;
}
int scan_image_c(Mat &I)
{
int channels = I.channels();
if (channels != 3)
{
printf("test support only three channel.\n");
return -1;
}
for (int i = 0; i < I.rows; i++)
{
Vec3b *ptr = I.ptr<Vec3b>(i);
for (int j = 0; j < I.cols; j++)
{
ptr[j][0] = 0;
ptr[j][1] = 0;
ptr[j][2] = 0;
}
}
return 0;
}
int scan_image_iterator(Mat &I)
{
int channels = I.channels();
if (channels != 3)
{
printf("test support only three channel.\n");
return -1;
}
MatIterator_<Vec3b> it, end;
for( it = I.begin<Vec3b>(), end = I.end<Vec3b>(); it != end; ++it)
{
(*it)[0] = 0;
(*it)[1] = 0;
(*it)[2] = 0;
}
return 0;
}
int scan_image_random(Mat &I)
{
int channels = I.channels();
if (channels != 3)
{
printf("test support only three channel.\n");
return -1;
}
for( int i = 0; i < I.rows; ++i)
{
for( int j = 0; j < I.cols; ++j
{
I.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[0] = 0;
I.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[1] = 0;
I.at<Vec3b>(i, j)[2] = 0;
}
}
return 0;
}
运行结果如下:
Time of scan_image_c (averaged for 100 runs): 2.04884 ms.
Time of scan_image_iterator (averaged for 100 runs): 4.77701 ms.
Time of scan_image_random (averaged for 100 runs): 3.64237 ms.
从数据上看,c语言的方法确实是最快的,和其他两种方式拉开了一定的差距。而at遍历比迭代器遍历快了不少。
在平常使用中,我们可以根据每个方法的优点去选择不同的方法。
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