OpenCV学习笔记-轮廓特征

查找轮廓的不同特征，例如面积，周长，重心，边界框等

矩：cv.moments()

轮廓面积：cv.contourArea()

轮廓周长：cv.arcLength()

轮廓近似：cv.approxPolyDp()

边界矩形：cv.boundingRect()

最小外接矩形: cv.minAreaRect() cv.boxPoints()

最小外接圆:cv.minEnclosingCircle()

椭圆拟合:cv.ellipse()

直线拟合：cv.fitLine()

代码被我整合到一起了：

def measure_object(img):

    gray = cv.cvtColor(img, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

   

     ret, thresh = cv.threshold(gray, 127, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY_INV | cv.THRESH_OTSU)

    cv.imshow( 'thresh image', thresh)

    

    copyImage, contours, hireachy = cv.findContours(thresh, cv.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)

   

     for i, contour in enumerate(contours):

          #轮廓面积

          area = cv.contourArea(contour)

          print( 'contour area', area)

    

         #轮廓周长（弧长）  

         perimeter = cv.arcLength(contour, True)

          print( 'contour perimeter', perimeter)

    

         #轮廓近似

        #所得到的近似多边形周长和源轮廓周长之间的最大差值，这个差值越小，近似多边形与源轮廓就越相似  

        epsilon = 0.01 * perimeter

        approx = cv.approxPolyDP(contour, epsilon, True)

        print( 'approx', approx)

        cv.drawContours(img, [approx], i, ( 255, 0, 255), 2)

        #图像的矩 可以计算重心，面积等,返回一个字典

        M = cv.moments(contour) print(M)

        #重心坐标

        cx = M[ 'm10']/M[ 'm00']

        cy = M[ 'm01']/M[ 'm00']

        cv.circle(img, (np.int(cx), np.int(cy)), 3, ( 0, 255, 255), - 1)

        print( 'center of gravity: (%f,%f)' % (cx,cy) )

        #边界矩阵  

        x, y, w, h = cv.boundingRect(contour)

        img = cv.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x+w, y+h), ( 0, 0, 255), 2)

        cv.imshow( 'contours image', img)

        #最小外接矩形  

        rect = cv.minAreaRect(contour) #[(x,y),(w,h),angle]  

        print(rect)

        box = cv.boxPoints(rect) #获取到最小矩阵的四个顶点box：[[x1, y1],[x2, y2],[x3, y3],[x4, y4]]  

        print(box)

        box = np.int0(box) #对box进行处理 这一步一定要进行  

        print(box) cv.drawContours(img, [box], i, ( 0, 255, 0), 1)

        # [box] #最小外接圆  

        (x, y), radius = cv.minEnclosingCircle(contour)

        center = ( int(x), int(y))

        cv.circle(img, center, int(radius), ( 255, 0, 0), 2)

        #椭圆拟合,返回值其实就是旋转边界矩形的内切圆  

        ellipse = cv.fitEllipse(contour)

        cv.ellipse(img, ellipse, ( 0, 255, 255), 2)

        #直线拟合  

        rows, cols = img.shape[: 2]

        [vx, vy, x, y] = cv.fitLine(contour, cv.DIST_L2, 0, 0.01, 0.01)

        left_y = int((-x*vy/vx) + y)

        right_y = int(((cols-x)*vy/vx) + y)

        cv.line(img, (cols- 1, right_y), ( 0, left_y), ( 255, 255, 0), 2)

        

        print(i)

        cv.imshow( 'contours image', img)

效果图：