JAVA | 43 - IO | 字节流与字符流

OutputStream

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        File file = new File("/Users/yuzhen/File/test.txt");
        OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file,true); // 不覆盖文件内容
        String str = "好好学习天天向上\r\n";
        byte data [] = str.getBytes();
        outputStream.write(data);
        outputStream.close();
    }
}

InputStream

import java.io.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        File file = new File("/Users/yuzhen/File/test.txt");
        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
        byte data [] = new byte [1024];
        int len = inputStream.read(data);
        inputStream.close();
        System.out.println(new String(data,0,len));
    }
}

import java.io.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        File file = new File("/Users/yuzhen/File/test.txt");
        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
        byte data [] = new byte [1024];
        int foot = 0;
        int temp = 0;
        while ((temp = inputStream.read()) != -1){
            data[foot ++] = (byte) temp; // 单个字节数据读取
        }
        inputStream.close();
        System.out.println(new String(data,0,foot));
    }
}

Writer

Writer 作为字符输出流，可以直接输出字符串，比 OutputStream 要好很多。

import java.io.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        File file = new File("/Users/yuzhen/File/test.txt");
        Writer writer = new FileWriter(file,true);
        String str = "立志当一名优秀的程序员!\r\n";
        writer.write(str);
        writer.close();
    }
}

Reader

import java.io.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        File file = new File("/Users/yuzhen/File/test.txt");
        if(file.exists()){
            Reader reader = new FileReader(file);
            char data [] = new char[1024];
            int len = reader.read(data);
            reader.close();
            System.out.println(new String(data,0,len));
        }
    }
}

比较字节流与字符流

字节流直接与终端进行数据交流，而字符流需要将数据经过缓冲区处理。

使用字节流输出的时候，即使没有关闭输出流，内容也可以正常输出。但是如果使用字符流输出时，如果没有关闭输出流，就表示缓冲区中处理的内容不会被强制清空，内容无法输出。这个时候可以使用 flush 方法强制清空缓冲区。

中文处理的时候采用字符流会更好。

import java.io.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        File file = new File("/Users/yuzhen/File/test.txt");
        Writer writer = new FileWriter(file,true);
        String str = "立志当一名优秀的程序员!\r\n";
        writer.write(str);
        writer.flush();
    }
}

字节流与字符流的转换

如果要进行转换，唯一可能出现的形式就是处理中文。

import java.io.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        File file = new File("/Users/yuzhen/File/test.txt");
        OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file,true); // 不覆盖文件内容
        Writer writer = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream);
        String str = "好好学习天天向上\r\n";
        writer.write(str);
        writer.close();
    }
}

文件拷贝

import java.io.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        File fileA = new File("/Users/yuzhen/File/testA.txt");
        File fileB = new File("/Users/yuzhen/File/testB.txt");
        if(!fileB.exists()){
            fileB.createNewFile();
        }
        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(fileA);
        OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(fileB);
        byte data [] = new byte[1024];
        int temp = 0;
        while((temp = inputStream.read(data)) != -1){
            outputStream.write(data,0,temp);
        }
        inputStream.close();
        outputStream.close();
    }
}