示例程序037--直方图对比

直方图的比较函数为compareHist，函数返回值为两矩阵的相似程度，有4种不同的对比标准来对直方图进行比较：

– CV_COMP_CORRELCorrelation 相关系数，相同为1，相似度范围为[ 1, 0 )

– CV_COMP_CHISQRChi-Square 卡方，相同为0，相似度范围为[ 0, +inf )

– CV_COMP_INTERSECTIntersection 直方图交,数越大越相似，，相似度范围为[ 0, +inf )

– CV_COMP_BHATTACHARYYABhattacharyya distance 做常态分别比对的Bhattacharyya 距离，相同为0,，相似度范围为[ 0, +inf )

 

其他函数:

Mat::operator()

Mat Mat::operator()(Range rowRange, Range colRange) const
  rowRange – Start and end row of the extracted submatrix. The upper boundary is not included. To select all the rows, use Range::all().
  colRange – Start and end column of the extracted submatrix. The upper boundary is not included. To select all the columns, use Range::all().

 

程序代码及详细注释：

// 045 直方图对比.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"

#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
 //储存基准图像和另外两张对比图像的矩阵( RGB 和 HSV )
  Mat src_base, hsv_base;
  Mat src_test1, hsv_test1;
  Mat src_test2, hsv_test2;
  Mat hsv_half_down;

 

  /// 装载三张背景环境不同的图

  src_base = imread( "hand_sample1.jpg" );
  src_test1 = imread( "hand_sample2.jpg" );
  src_test2 = imread( "hand_sample3.jpg");

  /// 转换到 HSV
  cvtColor( src_base, hsv_base, CV_BGR2HSV );
  cvtColor( src_test1, hsv_test1, CV_BGR2HSV );
  cvtColor( src_test2, hsv_test2, CV_BGR2HSV );

 

  //创建包含基准图像下半部的半身图像(HSV格式)
  hsv_half_down = hsv_base( Range( hsv_base.rows/2, hsv_base.rows - 1 ), Range( 0, hsv_base.cols - 1 ) );

 

  /// 对hue通道使用50个bin,对saturatoin通道使用60个bin
  int h_bins = 50; int s_bins = 60;
  int histSize[] = { h_bins, s_bins };

 

  // hue的取值范围从0到256, saturation取值范围从0到180
  float h_ranges[] = { 0, 256 };
  float s_ranges[] = { 0, 180 };
  const float* ranges[] = { h_ranges, s_ranges };

 

  // 使用第0和第1通道
  int channels[] = { 0, 1 };

 

  /// 直方图矩阵，二维
  MatND hist_base;
  MatND hist_half_down;
  MatND hist_test1;
  MatND hist_test2;

 

  /// 计算基准HSV图像的二维直方图
  calcHist( &hsv_base, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_base, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false );
  normalize( hist_base, hist_base, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );

 

  //半身基准图像的二维直方图
  calcHist( &hsv_half_down, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_half_down, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false );
  normalize( hist_half_down, hist_half_down, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );

 

  //测试图像1的二维直方图
  calcHist( &hsv_test1, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_test1, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false );
  normalize( hist_test1, hist_test1, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );

 

  //测试图像2的二维直方图
  calcHist( &hsv_test2, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_test2, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false );
  normalize( hist_test2, hist_test2, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );

  ///按顺序使用4种对比标准将基准图像(hist_base)的直方图与其余各直方图进行对比
  for( int i = 0; i < 4; i++ )
     {
    int compare_method = i;
       double base_base = compareHist( hist_base, hist_base, compare_method );
       double base_half = compareHist( hist_base, hist_half_down, compare_method );
       double base_test1 = compareHist( hist_base, hist_test1, compare_method );
       double base_test2 = compareHist( hist_base, hist_test2, compare_method );
    
    cout<<"Method "<<i<<": Base_Base        Base-Half        Base-Test(1)       Base-Test(2)"<<endl;
    cout<<"             "<<base_base<<"                "<<base_half<<"         "<<base_test1<<"         "<<base_test2<<endl;

     //  printf( " Method [%d]  Base_Base , Base-Half, Base-Test(1), Base-Test(2) : %f, %f, %f, %f \n", i, base_base, base_half , base_test1, base_test2 );
     }

  printf( "Done \n" );

  return 0;
 }

运行结果：