defines messages
addressbook.proto.
person类型内定义了枚举PhoneType和PhoneNumber类型,PhoneNumber类型使用PhoneType类型
syntax = "proto2";
// 防止命名冲突
package tutorial;
message Person {
// optional 0个或1个
optional string name = 1;
optional int32 id = 2;
optional string email = 3;
// 枚举
enum PhoneType {
MOBILE = 0;
HOME = 1;
WORK = 2;
}
// 电话,有三种类型,默认为home
message PhoneNumber {
optional string number = 1;
optional PhoneType type = 2 [default = HOME];
}
// person内含PhoneNumber类型数组
repeated PhoneNumber phones = 4;
}
// 地址簿里面是 person类型数组
message AddressBook {
repeated Person people = 1;
}
Writing A Message
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
// 头文件包含
#include "addressbook.pb.h"
using namespace std;
// 填充输入的Person类型
void PromptForAddress(tutorial::Person* person) {
cout << "Enter person ID number: ";
int id;
cin >> id;
// 调用set_id填写
person->set_id(id);
cin.ignore(256, '\n');
cout << "Enter name: ";
// string的mutable_方法,lets you get a direct pointer to the string
getline(cin, *person->mutable_name());
cout << "Enter email address (blank for none): ";
string email;
getline(cin, email);
if (!email.empty()) {
person->set_email(email);
}
while (true) {
cout << "Enter a phone number (or leave blank to finish): ";
string number;
getline(cin, number);
if (number.empty()) {
break;
}
// add_ 返回增加的类型的指针
tutorial::Person::PhoneNumber* phone_number = person->add_phones();
phone_number->set_number(number);
cout << "Is this a mobile, home, or work phone? ";
string type;
getline(cin, type);
if (type == "mobile") {
// set_type 设定枚举类型
phone_number->set_type(tutorial::Person::MOBILE);
} else if (type == "home") {
phone_number->set_type(tutorial::Person::HOME);
} else if (type == "work") {
phone_number->set_type(tutorial::Person::WORK);
} else {
cout << "Unknown phone type. Using default." << endl;
}
}
}
// Main function: Reads the entire address book from a file,
// adds one person based on user input, then writes it back out to the same
// file.
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
// Verify that the version of the library that we linked against is
// compatible with the version of the headers we compiled against.
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
if (argc != 2) {
cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE" << endl;
return -1;
}
tutorial::AddressBook address_book;
{
// Read the existing address book.
fstream input(argv[1], ios::in | ios::binary);
if (!input) {
cout << argv[1] << ": File not found. Creating a new file." << endl;
} else if (!address_book.ParseFromIstream(&input)) {
// 从input读入到address_book
cerr << "Failed to parse address book." << endl;
return -1;
}
}
// 调用PromptForAddress函数增加一个people
PromptForAddress(address_book.add_people());
{
// Write the new address book back to disk.
fstream output(argv[1], ios::out | ios::trunc | ios::binary);
// 调用SerializeToOstream写入到output
if (!address_book.SerializeToOstream(&output)) {
cerr << "Failed to write address book." << endl;
return -1;
}
}
// Optional: Delete all global objects allocated by libprotobuf.
google::protobuf::ShutdownProtobufLibrary();
return 0;
}
Reading A Message
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include "addressbook.pb.h"
using namespace std;
// 遍历address_book内的所有people
void ListPeople(const tutorial::AddressBook& address_book) {
// 用_size获取个数
for (int i = 0; i < address_book.people_size(); i++) {
// 用(i)来访问people
const tutorial::Person& person = address_book.people(i);
// 用.id()来获得id
cout << "Person ID: " << person.id() << endl;
cout << " Name: " << person.name() << endl;
// has_
if (person.has_email()) {
cout << " E-mail address: " << person.email() << endl;
}
for (int j = 0; j < person.phones_size(); j++) {
const tutorial::Person::PhoneNumber& phone_number = person.phones(j);
// 用.type()获得类型,与tutorial::Person::类型 来匹配
switch (phone_number.type()) {
case tutorial::Person::MOBILE:
cout << " Mobile phone #: ";
break;
case tutorial::Person::HOME:
cout << " Home phone #: ";
break;
case tutorial::Person::WORK:
cout << " Work phone #: ";
break;
}
cout << phone_number.number() << endl;
}
}
}
// Main function: Reads the entire address book from a file and prints all
// the information inside.
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
// Verify that the version of the library that we linked against is
// compatible with the version of the headers we compiled against.
GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
if (argc != 2) {
cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE" << endl;
return -1;
}
tutorial::AddressBook address_book;
{
// Read the existing address book.
fstream input(argv[1], ios::in | ios::binary);
if (!address_book.ParseFromIstream(&input)) {
cerr << "Failed to parse address book." << endl;
return -1;
}
}
ListPeople(address_book);
// Optional: Delete all global objects allocated by libprotobuf.
google::protobuf::ShutdownProtobufLibrary();
return 0;
}