Android之理解MeasureSpec、学习源码的用16进制形式保存常量、Padding和Margin的区别

借鉴自开发艺术

在测量过程中，系统会将View的LayoutParams根据父容器所施加的规则，转换成对应的MeasureSpec，然后再根据这个MeasureSpec来测量出View的宽高。这里只是测量View的宽高，不一定等于View的最终宽高。

MeasureSpec代表一个32位的int值，最高的2位代表SpecMode（测量模式），余下30位代表SpecSize（某种测量模式下的规格大小）。

源码中有许多标记位，都是用16进制保存的，并且进行一些列的按位与、按位或等运算。所以可能会对我们源码的阅读会进行阻碍，所以得尝试性地学习下。

public static class MeasureSpec {
    private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
    private static final int MODE_MASK  = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;

    /** @hide */
    @IntDef({UNSPECIFIED, EXACTLY, AT_MOST})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
    public @interface MeasureSpecMode {}

    /**
     * Measure specification mode: The parent has not imposed any constraint
     * on the child. It can be whatever size it wants.
     */
    public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;

    /**
     * Measure specification mode: The parent has determined an exact size
     * for the child. The child is going to be given those bounds regardless
     * of how big it wants to be.
     */
    public static final int EXACTLY     = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;

    /**
     * Measure specification mode: The child can be as large as it wants up
     * to the specified size.
     */
    public static final int AT_MOST     = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;

0x3，这里的x就是16进制，所以这里0x3=3。而如果是0x23，就是2*16+3了。

0x3 << MODE_SHIFT就是3 << 30。int是32位的（二进制下）。MODE_MASK的值就是11（3的二进制表示）左移30位。就是11...后面30个0。另外的运算起来就简单了。

MeasureSpec通过SpecMode和SpecSize打包成一个int值来避免过多的对象内存分配。太厉害了！这在平时的开发中也完全应该借鉴！他这样做，肯定证明这个做法作用不小。

SpecMode有3种

1.UNSPECIFIED

父容器不对View有任何限制，要多大给多大，这种情况一般用于系统内部，表示一种测量的状态。

2.EXACTLY

父容器已经检测出了View所需要的精确的大小。这个时候View的最终大小就是SpecSize所指定的值。它对应于LayoutParams中的match_parent和具体的数值这两种模式。

3.AT_MOST

父容器指定了一个可用大小即SpecSize，View的大小不能大于这个值，具体是什么值要看不同View的具体实现。它对应于LayoutParams中的wrap_content。

MeasureSpec和LayoutParams的对应关系

MeasureSpec不是唯一由LayoutParams来决定的，而是LayoutParams和父容器一起决定的，从而进一步决定View的宽高。另外，对于DecorView和普通View来说，MeasureSpec的转换过程略有不同。

1.对于DecorView的MeasureSpec由窗口的尺寸和其自身的LayoutParams来共同确定。

2.对于普通View，其MeasureSpec由父容器的MeasureSpec和自身的LayoutParams来共同决定。

childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(baseSize, lp.width);
childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowHeight, lp.height);
performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);

这是ViewRootImpl中measureHierarchy方法中的一段代码

private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {
    int measureSpec;
    switch (rootDimension) {

    case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
        // Window can't resize. Force root view to be windowSize.
        measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
        break;
    case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:
        // Window can resize. Set max size for root view.
        measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
        break;
    default:
        // Window wants to be an exact size. Force root view to be that size.
        measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
        break;
    }
    return measureSpec;
}

所以DecorView的MeasureSpec的产生过程如下：

LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT：精确模式，大小就是窗口的大小

LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT：最大模式，大小不定，但是不能超过窗口的大小

固定大小：精确模式，大小为LayoutParams中指定的大小

这3条结论看makemeasureSpec的参数就可以看出来。

对于普通View来说，前面也说了，由父容器的MeasureSpec和自身的LayoutParams来共同决定。

protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,
        int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
        int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
    final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

    final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
            mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
                    + widthUsed, lp.width);
    final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
            mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
                    + heightUsed, lp.height);

    child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}

上面是view group自身的measureChildWithMargins方法。

解读一下 child宽度的MeasureSpec=获取child的MeasureSpec（view group的宽度MeasureSpec，左边距+右边距+lp的外左边距（？）+lp的外右边距）

从getChildMeasureSpec的参数可以看出来，child的MeasureSpec由1.父view group的MeasureSpec 2.lp的参数3.padding

getChildMeasureSpec方法

public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
    int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
    int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);

    int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);

    int resultSize = 0;
    int resultMode = 0;

    switch (specMode) {
    // Parent has imposed an exact size on us
    case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
        if (childDimension >= 0) {
            resultSize = childDimension;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
        } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
            // Child wants to be our size. So be it.
            resultSize = size;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
        } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
            // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
            // bigger than us.
            resultSize = size;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
        }
        break;

    // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
    case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
        if (childDimension >= 0) {
            // Child wants a specific size... so be it
            resultSize = childDimension;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
        } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
            // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
            // Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
            resultSize = size;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
        } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
            // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
            // bigger than us.
            resultSize = size;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
        }
        break;

    // Parent asked to see how big we want to be
    case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
        if (childDimension >= 0) {
            // Child wants a specific size... let him have it
            resultSize = childDimension;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
        } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
            // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
            // be
            resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
        } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
            // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
            // big it should be
            resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
        }
        break;
    }
    //noinspection ResourceType
    return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
}

这里的padding就是margin+padding，就代表父控件已经占用的空间。int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);就是留给子view的可用空间。不能小于0。

下面的switch就是根据不同的情况，得出子view的MeasureSpec了。

（书上还有一张图，我这里觉得没啥必要记忆这东西，不予贴出了）