1.channel通道可以同时进行读写,而流只能读或者只能写,通道可以实现异步读写数据,通道可以从缓冲区读数据,也可以写数据到缓冲区。Channel在NIO中是一个接口,常用的channel类有FileChannel,DatagramChannel,serverSocketChannel,socketChannel,FileChannel用于文件的数据读写,DatagramChannel用于UDP的数据读写,ServerSocketChannel和SocketChannel用于TCP的数据读写。
2.FileChannel主要用来对本地文件进行IO操作,常见的方法有
public int read(ByteBuffer dst)从通道读取数据并放到缓冲区中
publict int write(ByteBuffer src)吧缓冲区的数据写到通道中
public long transferFrom(ReadableByteChannel src,long postion,long count)从目标通道复制数据到当前通道
pubLic long transterTo(long position,long count, WriteableByteChannel target)将数据从当前通道复制给目标通道
public class ChannelTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
String str = "hello,尚硅谷";
// 创建一个输出流
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("D:\\a.txt");
FileChannel fileChannel = fileOutputStream.getChannel();
// 创建一个缓冲区
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
// 将str放入byteBuffer
byteBuffer.put(str.getBytes());
// buffer切换读写方式
byteBuffer.flip();
// 将byteBuffer数据写入到fileChannel
fileChannel.write(byteBuffer);
fileOutputStream.close();
}
}
文件拷贝:
public class FileChannel01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
// 文件输入流
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("1.txt");
FileChannel fileChannel = fileInputStream.getChannel();
// 文件输出流
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("2.txt");
FileChannel fileChannel1 = fileOutputStream.getChannel();
// 创建缓冲区
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(512);
while(true){
// 清空buffer
byteBuffer.clear();
int read = fileChannel.read(byteBuffer);
if(read == -1){
break;
}
// 将buffer中的数据写入到fileChannel01--2.txt
byteBuffer.flip();
fileChannel1.write(byteBuffer);
}
fileInputStream.close();
fileOutputStream.close();
}
}
transferFrom方法实现文件拷贝:
public class FileChannel02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
// 创建相关流
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("1.txt");
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("3.txt");
// 获取各个流对应的channel
FileChannel sourceCh = fileInputStream.getChannel();
FileChannel destCh = fileOutputStream.getChannel();
// 使用transferForm完成拷贝
destCh.transferFrom(sourceCh,0,sourceCh.size());
// 关闭资源
sourceCh.close();
destCh.close();
fileInputStream.close();
fileOutputStream.close();
}
}
// mappedByteBuffer可让文件直接在内存中修改,操作系统不需要在拷贝一次
public class MappedByteBufferTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
RandomAccessFile randomAccessFile = new RandomAccessFile("1.txt","rw");
// 获取对应的通道
FileChannel fileChannel = randomAccessFile.getChannel();
/**
* 参数一:使用读写模式
* 参数二:可以直接修改的其实位置
* 参数三:要修改的内存最大位置
*/
MappedByteBuffer mappedByteBuffer = fileChannel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE,0,5);
mappedByteBuffer.put(0,(byte)'H');
mappedByteBuffer.put(3,(byte)'5');
randomAccessFile.close();
System.out.println("修改成功");
}
}
/**
* Scattering:将数据写入到buffer时,可以采用buffer数组,依次写入
* Gathering:从buffer读取数据时,可以采用buffer数组,依次读
*/
public class ScatteringAndGatheringTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
// 使用ServerSocketChannel和SocketChannel网络
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(7000);
// 绑定端口到socket,并启动
serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(inetSocketAddress);
// 创建buffer数组
ByteBuffer[] byteBuffers = new ByteBuffer[2];
byteBuffers[0] = ByteBuffer.allocate(5);
byteBuffers[1] = ByteBuffer.allocate(3);
// 客户端使用telnet连接
SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
int messageLenght = 8;
while(true){
int byteRead = 0;
while(byteRead<messageLenght){
long l = socketChannel.read(byteBuffers);
byteRead += l;
System.out.println("byteRead="+byteRead);
Arrays.asList(byteBuffers).stream()
.map(byteBuffer -> "position="+byteBuffer.position()+", limit="+
byteBuffer.limit()).forEach(System.out::println);
}
// 将所有buffer进行读写切换
Arrays.asList(byteBuffers).forEach(buffer->buffer.flip());
// 将数据显示给客户端
long byteWrite = 0;
while(byteWrite<messageLenght){
long l = socketChannel.write(byteBuffers);
byteWrite += l;
}
// 将所有buffer进行clear
Arrays.asList(byteBuffers).forEach(buffer->buffer.clear());
System.out.println("byteRead:="+byteRead+"byteWrite="+byteWrite);
}
}
}