《Headfirst设计模式》观察者模式

设计原则

为了交互对象之间的松耦合设计而努力

观察者模式

在对象之间定义一对多的依赖，这样一来，当一个对象改变状态，依赖它的对象都会收到通知，并自动更新

我们定义了一个主题接口和一个观察者接口，外加一个展示数据的接口
主题接口主要包括注册观察者，移除观察者和有修改以后内容推送给观察者
我们的观察者是随时可以加入，随时可以离开的
而我们的观察者接口主要实现的是数据的接收和更新

package Observer;

public interface Subject {
    public void registerObserver(Object o);
    public void removeObserver(Object o);
    public void notifyObserve();
}

package Observer;

public interface Observe {
    public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure);
}

package Observer;

public interface DisplayElement {
    public void display();
}

package Observer;

import java.util.ArrayList;
public class WeatherDate implements Subject{
    private ArrayList observers;
    private float temperature;
    private float humidity;
    private float pressure;

    public WeatherDate() {
        observers = new ArrayList();
    }


    @Override
    public void registerObserver(Object o) {
        observers.add(o);
    }

    @Override
    public void removeObserver(Object o) {
        int i = observers.indexOf(o);
        if (i > 0)
            observers.remove(i);
    }

    @Override
    public void notifyObserve() {
        for (int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++) {
            Observe observe = (Observe) observers.get(i);
            observe.update(temperature, humidity, pressure);
        }
    }

    public void measurementsChanged(){
        notifyObserve();
    }

    public void setMeasurements(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure){
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        measurementsChanged();
    }
}

并且我们还定义了四个展示板
展示板中都含有一个对主题对象的引用，用来注册这个观察者
当我们调用主题者的setMeasurements()方法之后，进而会调用measurementsChanged()和notifyObserve()
最后将会把更新的内容推送到每一个观察者

package Observer;

/**
显示当前的温度和湿度的展示板
**/
public class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observe, DisplayElement{
    private float temperature;
    private float humidity;
    private Subject weatherDate;

    public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Subject weatherDate) {
        this.weatherDate = weatherDate;
        weatherDate.registerObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
        this.temperature = temp;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        display();
    }
    @Override
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("Current conditions: " + temperature
                + "F degrees and " + humidity + "% humidity");
    }
}

package Observer;
/**
显示当前湿度的适宜程度展示板
**/
public class ForecastDisplay implements Observe, DisplayElement {
    private float curPre =  29.92f;
    private float lastPre = 0;
    private WeatherDate weatherDate;

    public ForecastDisplay(WeatherDate weatherDate) {
        this.weatherDate = weatherDate;
        weatherDate.registerObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
        lastPre = curPre;
        curPre = humidity;
        display();
    }
    @Override
    public void display() {
        System.out.print("Forecast: ");
        if (curPre > lastPre) {
            System.out.println("Improving weather on the way!");
        } else if (curPre == lastPre) {
            System.out.println("More of the same");
        } else if (curPre < lastPre) {
            System.out.println("Watch out for cooler, rainy weather");
        }
    }
}

package Observer;
/**
显示当前酷热度展示板
**/
public class HeatIndexDisplay implements Observe, DisplayElement {
    private float heatIndex = 0;
    private WeatherDate weatherDate;

    public HeatIndexDisplay(WeatherDate weatherDate) {
        this.weatherDate = weatherDate;
        weatherDate.registerObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
        heatIndex = computeHeatIndex(temp, humidity);
        display();
    }
    private float computeHeatIndex(float t, float rh) {
        float index = (float)((16.923 + (0.185212 * t) + (5.37941 * rh) - (0.100254 * t * rh)
                + (0.00941695 * (t * t)) + (0.00728898 * (rh * rh))
                + (0.000345372 * (t * t * rh)) - (0.000814971 * (t * rh * rh)) +
                (0.0000102102 * (t * t * rh * rh)) - (0.000038646 * (t * t * t)) + (0.0000291583 *
                (rh * rh * rh)) + (0.00000142721 * (t * t * t * rh)) +
                (0.000000197483 * (t * rh * rh * rh)) - (0.0000000218429 * (t * t * t * rh * rh)) +
                0.000000000843296 * (t * t * rh * rh * rh)) -
                (0.0000000000481975 * (t * t * t * rh * rh * rh)));
        return index;
    }
    @Override
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("Heat index is " + heatIndex);
    }
}

package Observer;
/**
显示当前温度最大最小和平均值的展示板
**/
public class StatisticsDisplay implements Observe, DisplayElement{
    private float max = 0.0f;
    private float min = 200;
    private float sum = 0.0f;
    private int num = 0;
    private WeatherDate weatherDate;

    public StatisticsDisplay(WeatherDate weatherDate) {
        this.weatherDate = weatherDate;
        weatherDate.registerObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
        sum += temp;
        num++;
        if (temp < min){
            min = temp;
        }
        if (temp > max){
            max = temp;
        }
        display();
    }
    @Override
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("Avg/Max/Min temperature = " + (sum / num)
                + "/" + max + "/" + min);
    }
}

最后是测试

package Observer;

public class WeatherStation {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WeatherDate weatherDate = new WeatherDate();

        CurrentConditionsDisplay currentDisplay = new CurrentConditionsDisplay(weatherDate);
        StatisticsDisplay statisticsDisplay = new StatisticsDisplay(weatherDate);
        ForecastDisplay forecastDisplay = new ForecastDisplay(weatherDate);
        HeatIndexDisplay heatIndexDisplay = new HeatIndexDisplay(weatherDate);

        weatherDate.setMeasurements(80, 65, 30.4f);
        weatherDate.setMeasurements(82, 70, 29.2f);
        weatherDate.setMeasurements(10, 10, 29.2f);
    }
}

测试结果