磁盘挂载

挂载硬件设备（linux中一切皆文件）

首先添加一块硬盘，对其进行分区格式化

使用fdisk命令查看一下

[root@tianci ~]# fdisk -l 

Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0000caeb

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    62914559    30407680   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors  (这是我们新加入的硬盘信息)
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 29.0 GB, 28982640640 bytes, 56606720 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

发现新磁盘 路径为/dev/sdb,使用fdisk命令创建分区

[root@tianci ~]# fdisk  /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xfa712790.

Command (m for help): m    (查看全部可用的参数)
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): p   （查看分区信息）

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfa712790

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n     （添加新的分区）
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p        （创建主分区）
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +10G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p       （再次查看分区信息）

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfa712790

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    20973567    10485760   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w      （保存并退出）
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

查看一下文件的属性

[root@tianci ~]# file /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: block special
（如果结果为/dev/sdb1: cannot open (No such file or directory) 则为系统没有把分区信息自动同步给内核，这时我们只需使用partprobe命令手动将分区信息同步到内核）

再看一下分区信息

[root@tianci ~]# fdisk  -l

Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0000caeb

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    62914559    30407680   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfa712790

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    20973567    10485760   83  Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 29.0 GB, 28982640640 bytes, 56606720 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

将分区sdb1格式化为xfs系统

[root@tianci ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

接下来就是挂载了

先创建一个挂载目录

[root@tianci ~]# mkdir /newfs

进行挂载

[root@tianci ~]# mount /dev/sdb1  /newfs

查看一下 挂载状态和硬盘的使用量

[root@tianci ~]# df -hT 
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        27G  1.1G   26G   4% /
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  898M     0  898M   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M     0  910M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M  9.5M  901M   2% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M     0  910M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               xfs      1014M  146M  869M  15% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs     182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1               xfs        10G   33M   10G   1% /newfs

下边永久挂载一下 （系统启动时自动挂载）

[root@tianci ~]# vi /etc/fstab 
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed May 22 19:13:06 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=c18c365b-0580-47dd-accc-e03ab05361ff /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1    /newfs      xfs   defaults  0   0
~
"/etc/fstab" 12L, 512C written

到这就完事了，但是感觉还有很多的东西没有讲。之后可能会增加一些东西，可能也会写入下一篇博文。

愿你下雨有伞，余生有良人相伴

文章最后推荐一下 刘遄老师的《linux就该这么学》
https://www.linuxprobe.com/
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