2.【进阶】Python实现MDCVRP常见求解算法——遗传算法（GA）

参考笔记
https://github.com/PariseC/Algorithms_for_solving_VRP
旅行商问题(TSP)、车辆路径问题(VRP,MDVRP,VRPTW)模型介绍

1. 适用场景

• 求解MDCVRP 问题
• 车辆类型单一
• 车辆容量不小于需求节点最大需求
• 多车辆基地
• 各车场车辆总数满足实际需求

2. 代码分析

车俩路径规划问题按照车场数量可分为单一车场路径规划问题和多车场路径规划问题。
针对单一车场条件下仅考虑车辆容量限制的路径规划问题前边帖子中已实现GA算法求解，本文采用GA算法对多车场条件下仅考虑车辆容量限制的路径规划问题进行求解。为了保持代码的延续性以及求解思路的一致性，这里对上述GA算法代码进行如下主要修正实现MDCVRP问题的求解。

• Model数据结构类中采用demand_dict属性存储需求节点集合，depot_dict属性储存车场节点集合，demand_id_list属性储存需求节点id集合，distance_matrix属性储存任意节点间的欧式距离；
• Node数据结构类中去掉node_seq属性，增加depot_capacity属性记录车场的车队限制
• splitRoutes函数中分割车辆路径时分配最近车场作为其车辆提供基地（满足车场车队数量限制）

3. 数据格式

以csv文件储存数据，其中demand.csv文件记录需求节点数据，共包含需求节点id，需求节点横坐标，需求节点纵坐标，需求量；

depot.csv文件记录车场节点数据，共包含车场id，车场横坐标，车场纵坐标，车队数量。需要注意的是：需求节点id应为整数，车场节点id任意，但不可与需求节点id不可重复。

5. 分步实现

（1）数据结构

定义Sol()类，Node()类，Model()类，其属性如下表：

• Sol()类，表示一个可行解

属性	描述
nodes_seq	需求节点seq_no有序排列集合，对应TSP的解
obj	优化目标值
fit	解的适应度
routes	车辆路径集合，对应CVRP的解

• Node()类，表示一个网络节点

属性	描述
id	物理节点id，可选
x_coord	物理节点x坐标
y_coord	物理节点y坐标
demand	物理节点需求
depot_capacity	车辆基地车队规模

• Model()类，存储算法参数

属性	描述
best_sol	全局最优解，值类型为Sol()
demand_dict	需求节点集合（字典），值类型为Node()
depot_dict	车场节点集合（字典），值类型为Node()
demand_id_list	需求节点id集合
sol_list	种群，值类型为Sol()
distance_matrix	节点距离矩阵
opt_type	优化目标类型，0：最小车辆数，1：最小行驶距离
vehicle_cap	车辆容量
pc	交叉概率
pm	突变概率
n_select	优良个体选择数量
popsize	种群规模

（2）文件读取

def readCsvFile(demand_file,depot_file,model):
    with open(demand_file,'r') as f:
        demand_reader=csv.DictReader(f)
        for row in demand_reader:
            node = Node()
            node.id = int(row['id'])
            node.x_coord = float(row['x_coord'])
            node.y_coord = float(row['y_coord'])
            node.demand = float(row['demand'])
            model.demand_dict[node.id] = node
            model.demand_id_list.append(node.id)

    with open(depot_file,'r') as f:
        depot_reader=csv.DictReader(f)
        for row in depot_reader:
            node = Node()
            node.id = row['id']
            node.x_coord=float(row['x_coord'])
            node.y_coord=float(row['y_coord'])
            node.depot_capacity=float(row['capacity'])
            model.depot_dict[node.id] = node

（3）计算距离矩阵

def calDistance(model):
    for i in range(len(model.demand_id_list)):
        from_node_id = model.demand_id_list[i]
        for j in range(i+1,len(model.demand_id_list)):
            to_node_id=model.demand_id_list[j]
            dist=math.sqrt( (model.demand_dict[from_node_id].x_coord-model.demand_dict[to_node_id].x_coord)**2
                            +(model.demand_dict[from_node_id].y_coord-model.demand_dict[to_node_id].y_coord)**2)
            model.distance_matrix[from_node_id,to_node_id]=dist
            model.distance_matrix[to_node_id,from_node_id]=dist
        for _,depot in model.depot_dict.items():
            dist = math.sqrt((model.demand_dict[from_node_id].x_coord - depot.x_coord) ** 2
                             + (model.demand_dict[from_node_id].y_coord -depot.y_coord)**2)
            model.distance_matrix[from_node_id, depot.id] = dist
            model.distance_matrix[depot.id, from_node_id] = dist

（4）初始解生成

def generateInitialSol(model):
    demand_id_list=copy.deepcopy(model.demand_id_list)
    for i in range(model.popsize):
        seed=int(random.randint(0,10))
        random.seed(seed)
        random.shuffle(demand_id_list)
        sol=Sol()
        sol.node_id_list=copy.deepcopy(demand_id_list)
        model.sol_list.append(sol)

（5）适应度计算

适应度计算依赖" splitRoutes “函数对TSP可行解分割得到车辆行驶路线和所需车辆数，在得到各车辆形式路线后在满足车场车队规模条件下分配最近车场，” calDistance "函数计算行驶距离。

def selectDepot(route,depot_dict,model):
    min_in_out_distance=float('inf')
    index=None
    for _,depot in depot_dict.items():
        if depot.depot_capacity> 0:
            in_out_distance=model.distance_matrix[depot.id,route[0]]+model.distance_matrix[route[-1],depot.id]
            if in_out_distance < min_in_out_distance:
                index=depot.id
                min_in_out_distance=in_out_distance
    if index is None:
        print("there is no vehicle to dispatch")
    route.insert(0,index)
    route.append(index)
    depot_dict[index].depot_capacity=depot_dict[index].depot_capacity-1
    return route,depot_dict

def splitRoutes(node_id_list,model):
    num_vehicle = 0
    vehicle_routes = []
    route = []
    remained_cap = model.vehicle_cap
    depot_dict=copy.deepcopy(model.depot_dict)
    for node_id in node_id_list:
        if remained_cap - model.demand_dict[node_id].demand >= 0:
            route.append(node_id)
            remained_cap = remained_cap - model.demand_dict[node_id].demand
        else:
            route,depot_dict=selectDepot(route,depot_dict,model)
            vehicle_routes.append(route)
            route = [node_id]
            num_vehicle = num_vehicle + 1
            remained_cap =model.vehicle_cap - model.demand_dict[node_id].demand

    route, depot_dict = selectDepot(route, depot_dict, model)
    vehicle_routes.append(route)

    return num_vehicle,vehicle_routes

def calRouteDistance(route,model):
    distance=0
    for i in range(len(route)-1):
        from_node=route[i]
        to_node=route[i+1]
        distance +=model.distance_matrix[from_node,to_node]
    return distance

def calFit(model):
    #calculate fit value：fit=Objmax-obj
    max_obj=-float('inf')
    best_sol=Sol()#record the local best solution
    best_sol.obj=float('inf')

    for sol in model.sol_list:
        node_id_list=sol.node_id_list
        num_vehicle, vehicle_routes = splitRoutes(node_id_list, model)
        if model.opt_type==0:
            sol.obj=num_vehicle
            sol.routes=vehicle_routes
            if sol.obj>max_obj:
                max_obj=sol.obj
            if sol.obj<best_sol.obj:
                best_sol=copy.deepcopy(sol)
        else:
            distance=0
            for route in vehicle_routes:
                distance+=calRouteDistance(route,model)
            sol.obj=distance
            sol.routes=vehicle_routes
            if sol.obj>max_obj:
                max_obj=sol.obj
            if sol.obj < best_sol.obj:
                best_sol = copy.deepcopy(sol)
    # calculate fit value
    for sol in model.sol_list:
        sol.fit=max_obj-sol.obj
    #update the global best solution
    if best_sol.obj<model.best_sol.obj:
        model.best_sol=best_sol

（6）优良个体选择

def selectSol(model):
    sol_list=copy.deepcopy(model.sol_list)
    model.sol_list=[]
    for i in range(model.n_select):
        f1_index=random.randint(0,len(sol_list)-1)
        f2_index=random.randint(0,len(sol_list)-1)
        f1_fit=sol_list[f1_index].fit
        f2_fit=sol_list[f2_index].fit
        if f1_fit<f2_fit:
            model.sol_list.append(sol_list[f2_index])
        else:
            model.sol_list.append(sol_list[f1_index])

（7）交叉

def crossSol(model):
    sol_list=copy.deepcopy(model.sol_list)
    model.sol_list=[]
    while True:
        f1_index = random.randint(0, len(sol_list) - 1)
        f2_index = random.randint(0, len(sol_list) - 1)
        if f1_index!=f2_index:
            f1 = copy.deepcopy(sol_list[f1_index])
            f2 = copy.deepcopy(sol_list[f2_index])
            if random.random() <= model.pc:
                cro1_index=int(random.randint(0,len(model.demand_id_list)-1))
                cro2_index=int(random.randint(cro1_index,len(model.demand_id_list)-1))
                new_c1_f = []
                new_c1_m=f1.node_id_list[cro1_index:cro2_index+1]
                new_c1_b = []
                new_c2_f = []
                new_c2_m=f2.node_id_list[cro1_index:cro2_index+1]
                new_c2_b = []
                for index in range(len(model.demand_id_list)):
                    if len(new_c1_f)<cro1_index:
                        if f2.node_id_list[index] not in new_c1_m:
                            new_c1_f.append(f2.node_id_list[index])
                    else:
                        if f2.node_id_list[index] not in new_c1_m:
                            new_c1_b.append(f2.node_id_list[index])
                for index in range(len(model.demand_id_list)):
                    if len(new_c2_f)<cro1_index:
                        if f1.node_id_list[index] not in new_c2_m:
                            new_c2_f.append(f1.node_id_list[index])
                    else:
                        if f1.node_id_list[index] not in new_c2_m:
                            new_c2_b.append(f1.node_id_list[index])
                new_c1=copy.deepcopy(new_c1_f)
                new_c1.extend(new_c1_m)
                new_c1.extend(new_c1_b)
                f1.nodes_seq=new_c1
                new_c2=copy.deepcopy(new_c2_f)
                new_c2.extend(new_c2_m)
                new_c2.extend(new_c2_b)
                f2.nodes_seq=new_c2
                model.sol_list.append(copy.deepcopy(f1))
                model.sol_list.append(copy.deepcopy(f2))
            else:
                model.sol_list.append(copy.deepcopy(f1))
                model.sol_list.append(copy.deepcopy(f2))
            if len(model.sol_list)>model.popsize:
                break

（8）突变

def muSol(model):
    sol_list=copy.deepcopy(model.sol_list)
    model.sol_list=[]
    while True:
        f1_index = int(random.randint(0, len(sol_list) - 1))
        f1 = copy.deepcopy(sol_list[f1_index])
        m1_index=random.randint(0,len(model.demand_id_list)-1)
        m2_index=random.randint(0,len(model.demand_id_list)-1)
        if m1_index!=m2_index:
            if random.random() <= model.pm:
                node1=f1.node_id_list[m1_index]
                f1.node_id_list[m1_index]=f1.node_id_list[m2_index]
                f1.node_id_list[m2_index]=node1
                model.sol_list.append(copy.deepcopy(f1))
            else:
                model.sol_list.append(copy.deepcopy(f1))
            if len(model.sol_list)>model.popsize:
                break

（9）绘制收敛曲线

def plotObj(obj_list):
    plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] #show chinese
    plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  # Show minus sign
    plt.plot(np.arange(1,len(obj_list)+1),obj_list)
    plt.xlabel('Iterations')
    plt.ylabel('Obj Value')
    plt.grid()
    plt.xlim(1,len(obj_list)+1)
    plt.show()

（10）绘制车辆路线

def plotRoutes(model):
    for route in model.best_sol.routes:
        x_coord=[model.depot_dict[route[0]].x_coord]
        y_coord=[model.depot_dict[route[0]].y_coord]
        for node_id in route[1:-1]:
            x_coord.append(model.demand_dict[node_id].x_coord)
            y_coord.append(model.demand_dict[node_id].y_coord)
        x_coord.append(model.depot_dict[route[-1]].x_coord)
        y_coord.append(model.depot_dict[route[-1]].y_coord)
        plt.grid()
        if route[0]=='d1':
            plt.plot(x_coord,y_coord,marker='o',color='black',linewidth=0.5,markersize=5)
        elif route[0]=='d2':
            plt.plot(x_coord,y_coord,marker='o',color='orange',linewidth=0.5,markersize=5)
        else:
            plt.plot(x_coord,y_coord,marker='o',color='b',linewidth=0.5,markersize=5)
    plt.xlabel('x_coord')
    plt.ylabel('y_coord')
    plt.show()

（11）输出结果

def outPut(model):
    work=xlsxwriter.Workbook('result.xlsx')
    worksheet=work.add_worksheet()
    worksheet.write(0,0,'opt_type')
    worksheet.write(1,0,'obj')
    if model.opt_type==0:
        worksheet.write(0,1,'number of vehicles')
    else:
        worksheet.write(0, 1, 'drive distance of vehicles')
    worksheet.write(1,1,model.best_sol.obj)
    for row,route in enumerate(model.best_sol.routes):
        worksheet.write(row+2,0,'v'+str(row+1))
        r=[str(i)for i in route]
        worksheet.write(row+2,1, '-'.join(r))
    work.close()