Lnmp架构之源码安装

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-10 13:43:54 发布

Vincent_江

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-10 13:43:54 发布

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分类专栏：运维学习文章标签： lnmp

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LNMP代表的就是：Linux系统下Nginx+MySQL+PHP这种网站服务器架构。

Nginx是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器，也是一个IMAP/POP3/SMTP代理服务器。
Mysql是一个小型关系型数据库管理系统。
PHP是一种在服务器端执行的嵌入HTML文档的脚本语言。

一、MySQL源码安装

yum安装解决依赖性：yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make ncurses-devel bison openssl-devel zlib-devel cmake
准备的安装包：    mysql-boost-5.7.11.tar.gz

[root@server1 mnt]# tar zxf mysql-boost-5.7.11.tar.gz 
[root@server1 mnt]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all

cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
#安装目录
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
#数据库存放目录
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock \ #Unix socket 文件路径
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
#安装 myisam 存储引擎
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
#安装 innodb 存储引擎
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
#安装 archive 存储引擎
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
#安装 blackhole 存储引擎
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
#安装数据库分区
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
#允许从本地导入数据
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
#快捷键功能
-DWITH_SSL=yes \
#支持 SSL
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
#使用 utf8 字符
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
#校验字符
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
#安装所有扩展字符集
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
#MySQL 监听端口

make编译时报错

这里写图片描述

解决方案：

[root@server1 mysql-5.7.11]# rm -fr CMakeCache.txt     ##移除旧的对象文件
[root@server1 mysql-5.7.11]# mkdir -p /usr/local/boost
[root@server1 mysql-5.7.11]# cd /usr/local/boost/
[root@server1 boost]# wget http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
##然后再重新编译一遍

##编译时指定boost库
[root@server1mysql-5.7.11]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_BOOST=boost/boost_1_59_0/

开始安装

[root@server5 mysql-5.7.11]# make & make install

这里写图片描述

安装完成后，接下来开始初始化设置。

[root@server1 mysql-5.7.11]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/support-files/
[root@server1 support-files]# ls
magic  my-default.cnf  mysqld_multi.server  mysql-log-rotate  mysql.server
[root@server1 support-files]# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.back
[root@server1 support-files]# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf         ##复制mysql的配置文件
[root@server1 support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld    ##复制mysql的执行脚本
[root@server1 support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld           ##添加可执行权限
[root@server1 support-files]# groupadd -g 27 mysql                  ##mysql默认UID，GID均为27
[root@server1 support-files]# useradd -u 27 -g 27 -d /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql                                               

[root@server1 bin]# vim /root/.bash_profile 
======================================================================
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/bin        ##添加环境变量  
======================================================================

[root@server1 bin]# source /root/.bash_profile    ##运行环境变量
[root@server1 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf             ##编辑配置文件
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 18 basedir = /usr/local/lnmp/mysql                                    
 19 datadir =  /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data         ##添加mysql数据目录    
 20 port = 3306                                                        
 21 # server_id = .....                                                
 22 socket = /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock                     
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@server1 mysql]# chown mysql data/ -R 
[root@server1 mysql]# ll
total 60
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root  4096 Aug  5 10:18 bin
-rw-r--r--  1 root  root 17987 Feb  2  2016 COPYING
drwxrwxrwx  6 mysql root  4096 Aug  5 15:28 data
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root  4096 Aug  5 10:17 docs
drwxr-xr-x  3 root  root  4096 Aug  5 10:17 include
drwxr-xr-x  4 root  root  4096 Aug  5 10:18 lib
drwxr-xr-x  4 root  root  4096 Aug  5 10:18 man
drwxr-xr-x 10 root  root  4096 Aug  5 10:19 mysql-test
-rw-r--r--  1 root  root  2478 Feb  2  2016 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 root  root  4096 Aug  5 10:19 share
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root  4096 Aug  5 10:19 support-files

[root@server1 mysql]# mysql_install_db         ## 初始化命令
2018-06-29 11:01:28 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2018-06-29 11:01:28 [ERROR]   The data directory needs to be specified.

[root@server1 mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql   
2018-07-01T10:48:56.964538Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-07-01T10:48:56.964624Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.
2018-07-01T10:48:56.964629Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER' sql mode was not set.
2018-07-01T10:48:59.917842Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-07-01T10:49:00.667612Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-07-01T10:49:00.981175Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 5d212cdb-7d1c-11e8-8030-525400b70b5b.
2018-07-01T10:49:01.124832Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
##注意，最后一行设置了mysql的初始密码（<hm#wI&4d4H）
2018-07-01T10:49:01.126243Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: <hm#wI&4d4H

启动mysql

[root@server5 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL SUCCESS! 
[root@server5 mysql]# mysql -p
Enter password: (<hm#wI&4d4H)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| discuz             |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.04 sec)

修改密码

[root@server5 mysql]# mysql_secure_installation 

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root: 
New password:
Re-enter new password：
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
 - Dropping test database...
Success.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.

All done!

二、php源码安装

解决依赖性:yum install -y libxml2-devel openssl-devel curl-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel gmp-devel net-snmp-devel
安装包：libmcrypt-2.5.8-9.el6.x86_64.rpm 
       libmcrypt-devel-2.5.8-9.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@server1 mnt]# tar jxf php-5.6.35.tar.bz2 
[root@server1 mnt]# cd php-5.6.35
[root@server1 php-5.6.35]#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lnmp/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/lnmp/php/etc --enable-mysqlnd --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-openssl --with-snmp --with-gd --with-zlib --with-curl --with-libxml-dir --with-png-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-pear --with-gettext --with-gmp --enable-inline-optimization --enable-soap --enable-ftp --enable-sockets --enable-mbstring --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=nginx --with-fpm-group=nginx --with-mcrypt --with-mhash
## mcrypt mhash 是 php 加密算法扩展库

##安装
[root@server1 php-5.6.35]# make && make install

##添加并更改配置
[root@server1 php-5.6.35]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/lnmp/php/etc/php.ini
[root@server1 php-5.6.35]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/php/           
[root@server1 php]# cp etc/php-fpm.conf.default etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@server1 php]# vim etc/php-fpm.conf
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 21 [global]
 22 ; Pid file
 23 ; Note: the default prefix is /usr/local/lnmp/php/var
 24 ; Default Value: none
 25 pid = run/php-fpm.pid            
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------

##修改时区
[root@server1 php]# vim etc/php.ini 
 933 [Date]
 934 ; Defines the default timezone used by the date functions
 935 ; http://php.net/date.timezone
 936 date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

##添加启动脚本
[root@server1 php]# cd /mnt/php-5.6.35/sapi/fpm/
[root@server1 fpm]# cp init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm       
[root@server1 fpm]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm 
[root@server1 fpm]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm  done

打开浏览器

三、nginx源码安装

Yum：yum install pcre-devel openssl-devel gcc -y
nginx包：nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz 
需添加模块：nginx-sticky-module-ng.tar.gz

[root@server1 fpm]# useradd -u 800 -M -d /usr/local/lnmp/nginx nginx   ##创建nginx用户，为了使得“权限最小”，仅允许nginx使用和访问nginx服务
[root@server1 mnt]# tar zxf nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz 
[root@server1 mnt]# tar zxf nginx-sticky-module-ng.tar.gz 
[root@server1 mnt]# cd nginx-1.10.1
[root@server1 nginx-1.10.1]# vim src/core/nginx.h 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 12 #define nginx_version      1010001
 13 #define NGINX_VERSION      "1.10.1"
 14 #define NGINX_VER          "nginx/"     ##对外隐藏版本
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////

##取消C调试编译，可以有效提升效率
[root@server1 nginx-1.10.1]# vim auto/cc/gc
178 # debug
179 #CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"

[root@server1 fpm]# cd /mnt/nginx-1.10.1
[root@server1 nginx-1.10.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-threads --with-file-aio
[root@server1 nginx-1.10.1]# make & make install

[root@server1 nginx-1.10.1]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

 65         location ~ \.php$ {
 66             root           html;
 67             fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
 68             fastcgi_index  index.php;
 69         #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
 70             include        fastcgi.conf;
 71         }

[root@server1 nginx-1.10.1]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx 
[root@server5 html]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
***************************************************************************
 43         location / {
 44             root   html;
 45             index  index.php index.html index.htm;
 46         }
***************************************************************************
[root@server1 nginx-1.10.1]# /etc/init.d/nginx start
Starting nginx:                                            [  OK  ]

这里写图片描述

[root@server5 nginx]# ln -s /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/sbin/nginx /sbin/
[root@server5 nginx]# nginx -t              ##检测nginx配置语法
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@server5 nginx]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo()
?>
[root@server5 nginx]# nginx                  ##启动nginx
[root@server5 nginx]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm start 
Starting php-fpm  done
[root@server5 nginx]# nginx -s reload         ##nginx重载

测试

这里写图片描述

四、Discuz论坛搭建

[root@server1 bbs]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@server1 html]# unzip Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip 
[root@server1 html]# chmod -R 777 /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@server5 html]# mkdir bbs
[root@server5 html]# mv upload/ bbs
[root@server5 bbs]# ls
admin.php  connect.php      forum.php  member.php  search.php  uc_server
api        cp.php           group.php  misc.php    source      upload
api.php    crossdomain.xml  home.php   plugin.php  static      userapp.php
archiver   data             index.php  portal.php  template
config     favicon.ico      install    robots.txt  uc_client
[root@server5 bbs]# pwd
/usr/local/lnmp/nginx/html/bbs

[root@server5 html]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/php/etc/php.ini
===========================================================================
1013 pdo_mysql.default_socket=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock
1162 mysql.default_socket = /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock
1221 mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock
===========================================================================

1、bbs下文件目录权限不足，修改权限

[root@server5 bbs]# chmod 777 uc_server/ config/ data/ uc_client/ -R

2、目录不存在

[root@server5 bbs]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/php/etc/php.ini
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
1013 pdo_mysql.default_socket=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock
1162 mysql.default_socket =/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock
1221 mysqli.default_socket =/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

这里写图片描述

登录进入论坛

这里写图片描述

五、php添加memcache缓存模块

1、安装memcache

[root@server5 mnt]# tar zxf memcache-2.2.5.tgz     
[root@server5 ~]# vim ~/.bash_profile 
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/bin:/usr/local/lnmp/php/bin
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
[root@server5 ~]# source ~/.bash_profile 
[root@server5 ~]# cd memcache-2.2.5
[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# phpize 
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version:         20131106
Zend Module Api No:      20131226
Zend Extension Api No:   220131226
[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lnmp/php/memcache 
[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# make && make install

2、memcache配置

[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/php/etc/php.ini
---------------------------------------------------------------------
 871 ; ... or under UNIX:
 873 extension=memcache.so
 874 ;

---------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm reload
Reload service php-fpm  done
[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# php -m | grep memcache   ##php -m 查看加载的模块
memcache

[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# cp example.php /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/html/
[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# cp memcache.php /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/html/
[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/html/memcache.php 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
 22 define('ADMIN_USERNAME','memcache');    // Admin Username   (默认用户名：memcache)
 23 define('ADMIN_PASSWORD','password');    // Admin Password   (默认密码：password)
 24 define('DATE_FORMAT','Y/m/d H:i:s');
 25 define('GRAPH_SIZE',200);
 26 define('MAX_ITEM_DUMP',50);
 27 
 28 $MEMCACHE_SERVERS[] = '172.25.18.5:11211'; // add more as an array
 29 #$MEMCACHE_SERVERS[] = 'mymemcache-server2:11211'; // add more as an array
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm reload
Reload service php-fpm  done
[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# nginx -s reload

[root@18 ~]# ab -c 100 -n 100 http://172.25.18.5/memcache.php
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking 172.25.18.5 (be patient).....done


Server Software:        nginx/
Server Hostname:        172.25.18.5
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /memcache.php
Document Length:        101 bytes

Concurrency Level:      100
Time taken for tests:   0.150 seconds
Complete requests:      100
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Non-2xx responses:      100
Total transferred:      31600 bytes
HTML transferred:       10100 bytes
Requests per second:    665.41 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       150.284 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       1.503 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          205.34 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    2   0.4      2       3
Processing:     4   78  40.2     79     144
Waiting:        2   78  40.3     79     144
Total:          4   80  40.0     81     146

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%     81
  66%    103
  75%    114
  80%    121
  90%    135
  95%    142
  98%    146
  99%    146
 100%    146 (longest request)

example.php的页面是直接访问了服务器，而memcache的页面是缓存

六、遇到的错误及解决办法：

错误1：PHP安装过程中，编译成功完成，结果在make的时候报错！！

libtool: link: `ext/opcache/ZendAccelerator.lo' is not a valid libtool object

解决办法：

1.# make distclean
或者 make clean
2.重新编译./configure..   ->make

错误2：配置好php和nginx之后，访问index.php时无法显示页面

原因：php是动态页面，nginx默认不支持。所以需要在配置文件中添加：

解决办法：

[root@server5 bbs]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
        location ~ \.php$ {
            root           html;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            #fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi.conf;                                         
        }
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………