Normalizing rows with Python

A common technique we use in Machine Learning and Deep Learning is to normalize our data. It often leads to a better performance because gradient descent converges faster after normalization. Here, by normalization we mean changing x to :

(dividing each row vector of x by its norm).

For example, if $$x=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}0& 3& 4\\ 2& 6& 4\end{array}\right]\text{\hspace{1em}(3)}$$ then $$\Vert x\Vert =np.linalg.norm(x,axis=1,keepdims=True)=\left[\begin{array}{c}5\\ \sqrt{56}\end{array}\right]\text{\hspace{1em}(4)}$$and $$x\_normalized=\frac{x}{\Vert x\Vert }=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}0& \frac{3}{5}& \frac{4}{5}\\ \frac{2}{\sqrt{56}}& \frac{6}{\sqrt{56}}& \frac{4}{\sqrt{56}}\end{array}\right]\text{\hspace{1em}(5)}$$
Exercise: Implement normalizeRows() to normalize the rows of a matrix. After applying this function to an input matrix x, each row of x should be a vector of unit length (meaning length 1).

implement

# GRADED FUNCTION: normalizeRows

def normalizeRows(x):
    """
    Implement a function that normalizes each row of the matrix x (to have unit length).
    
    Argument:
    x -- A numpy matrix of shape (n, m)
    
    Returns:
    x -- The normalized (by row) numpy matrix. You are allowed to modify x.
    """
    
    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 2 lines of code)
    # Compute x_norm as the norm 2 of x. Use np.linalg.norm(..., ord = 2, axis = ..., keepdims = True)
    x_norm = np.linalg.norm(x,axis=1,keepdims=True)
    
    # Divide x by its norm.
    x = x/x_norm
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    return x

x = np.array([
    [0, 3, 4],
    [1, 6, 4]])
print("normalizeRows(x) = "   str(normalizeRows(x)))

output: