C++ copy assignment operator is implicitly deleted

前言

写代码的时候操作class对象的时候老是出现XXX::operator=(XXX&)...implicitly deleted的报错，直译过来就是class XXX的copy assignment这个操作被隐式删除，我们解决这个bug需要先了解C++class operator隐式删除的规则

定义

首先给出copy assignment operator隐式删除的规则的定义

A implicitly-declared copy assignment operator for class Tis defined as deleted if any of the following is true:

• Thas a user-declared move constructor;
• Thas a user-declared move assignment operator.

Otherwise, it is defined as defaulted.

A defaulted copy assignment operator for class Tis defined as deleted if any of the following is true:

• Thas a non-static data member of non-class type (or array thereof) that is const;
• Thas a non-static data member of a reference type;
• Thas a non-static data member or a direct or virtual base class that cannot be copy-assigned (overload resolution for the copy assignment fails, or selects a deleted or inaccessible function);
• Tis a union-like class, and has a variant member whose corresponding assignment operator is non-trivial.

翻译一下

如果下面任何一个条件为真，则触发copy assignment operator的隐式删除

• 类T有用户定义的移动构造
• 类T有用户定义的移动赋值操作

如果下面任何一个条件为真，则将默认copy assignment operato定义为delete

• class T有一个数据成员是非static且为const的non-class type

• class T有一个数据成员是非静态的引用类型

• class T有一个不能被copy-assigned的类型或者class T的基类不能被copy-assigned

• class T是一个union类似的class，并且还有多个成员，这些成员对应的assignment operator是non-trivial的

  就是union类型，在c++中union也有构造函数…

  trivial和non-trivial之前在博客中写过，trivial指的是member function非常"straightforward"，没有任何的隐式init操作，比如class a有虚函数或者有一个基类，那么代表他的构造函数是non-trivial的，因为基类和虚函数在构造的时候有一个隐式init操作(虚表，虚指针等操作)
  插个3题外话，如果我们的union中有成员，该成员有non-trivial constract function，那么这个union就会报错，因为non-trivial代表有隐式操作，而union是多个成员共用空间，当一个成员被初始化后别的成员都是invalid value，比如union里面有std::string和std::vector等这种带有non-trivial的class

  #include <iostream>
  #include <string>
  
  union test{
     test(){}
     ~test(){}
     std::string s;
     int a;
  };
  
  int main(){
     test t;
     t.s = "123456";
  }
  

  上述代码会报错，但是我们还是用类似的功能怎么办？使用std::variant,比如

  #include <iostream>
  #include <string>
  #include <variant>
  #include <vector>
  #include <unordered_map>
  
  int main(){
  	std::variant<int, std::string, std::vector<int>, std::unordered_map<int, std::string>> data;
  	std::unordered_map<int, std::string> m;
  	m.insert(std::make_pair(1,"aaaaa"));
  	data = m;
  	std::cout << std::get<std::unordered_map<int, std::string>>(data)[1] << std::endl;
  }