绘制灰色直方图
函数原型(有三个重载类型): OpenCV3帮助文档
void cv::calcHist (
const Mat * images,
int nimages,
const int * channels,
InputArray mask,
OutputArray hist,
int dims,
const int * histSize,
const float ** ranges,
bool uniform = true,
bool accumulate = false
)
void cv::calcHist (
const Mat * images,
int nimages,
const int * channels,
InputArray mask,
SparseMat & hist,
int dims,
const int * histSize,
const float ** ranges,
bool uniform = true,
bool accumulate = false
)
void cv::calcHist (
InputArrayOfArrays images,
const std::vector< int > & channels,
InputArray mask,
OutputArray hist,
const std::vector< int > & histSize,
const std::vector< float > & ranges,
bool accumulate = false
)
关于第一个函数原型的详细参数如下:
const Mat* images:为输入图像的指针
int nimages:要计算直方图的图像的个数。此函数可以为多图像求直方图,我们通常情况下都只作用于单一图像,所以通常nimages=1
const int* channels:图像的通道,它是一个数组,如果是灰度图像则channels[1]={0};如果是彩色图像则channels[3]={0,1,2};如果是只是求彩色图像第2个通道的直方图,则channels[1]={1}
IuputArraymask:是一个遮罩图像用于确定哪些点参与计算,实际应用中是个很好的参数,默认情况我们都设置为一个空图像,即:Mat()。
OutArrayhist:计算得到的直方图int
dims:得到的直方图的维数,灰度图像为1维,彩色图像为3维
constint*histSize:直方图横坐标的区间数。如果是10,则它会横坐标分为10份,然后统计每个区间的像素点总和constfloat**
ranges:这是一个二维数组,用来指出每个区间的范围后面两个参数都有默认值,
uniform参数表明直方图是否等距,最后一个参数与多图像下直方图的显示与存储有关
Samples
version 1
#include <opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include"time.h"
#include <vector>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main( )
{
Mat srcImage = imread("baboon.jpg");
imshow("【原图】", srcImage);
Mat src_gray;
cvtColor(srcImage, src_gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
imshow("【灰度图】", src_gray);
//需要计算图像的哪个通道(bgr空间需要确定计算 b或g或r空间)
const int channels[1] = { 0 };
//直方图的每一个维度的 柱条的数目(就是将灰度级分组)
int histSize[] = { 256 }; //如果这里写成int histSize = 256; 那么下面调用计算直方图的函数的时候,该变量需要写 &histSize
//定义一个变量用来存储 单个维度 的数值的取值范围
float midRanges[] = { 0, 256 };
//确定每个维度的取值范围,就是横坐标的总数
const float *ranges[] = { midRanges };
//输出的结果存储的 空间 ,用MatND类型来存储结果
MatND dstHist;
calcHist(&src_gray, 1, channels, Mat(), dstHist, 1, histSize, ranges, true, false);
//calcHist 函数调用结束后,dstHist变量中将储存了 直方图的信息 用dstHist的模版函数 at<Type>(i)得到第i个柱条的值 at<Type>(i, j)得到第i个并且第j个柱条的值
//首先先创建一个黑底的图像,为了可以显示彩色,所以该绘制图像是一个8位的3通道图像
Mat drawImage = Mat::zeros(Size(256, 256), CV_8UC3);
//一个图像的某个灰度级的像素个数(最多为图像像素总数),可能会超过显示直方图的所定义的图像的尺寸,因此绘制直方图的时候,让直方图最高的地方只有图像高度的90%来显示
//先用minMaxLoc函数来得到计算直方图后的像素的最大个数
double g_dHistMaxValue;
minMaxLoc(dstHist, 0, &g_dHistMaxValue, 0, 0);
//遍历直方图得到的数据
for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
{
int value = cvRound(256 * 0.9 *(dstHist.at<float>(i) / g_dHistMaxValue));
line(drawImage, Point(i, drawImage.rows - 1), Point(i, drawImage.rows - 1 - value), Scalar(255, 0, 0));
}
imshow("【直方图】", drawImage);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
version 2
//绘制灰度直方图
int main( )
{
Mat src,gray;
src=imread("baboon.jpg");
cvtColor(src,gray,CV_RGB2GRAY);
int bins = 256;
int hist_size[] = {bins};
float range[] = { 0, 256 };
const float* ranges[] = { range};
MatND hist;
int channels[] = {0};
calcHist( &gray, 1, channels, Mat(), // do not use mask
hist, 1, hist_size, ranges,
true, // the histogram is uniform
false );
double max_val;
minMaxLoc(hist, 0, &max_val, 0, 0);
int scale = 2;
int hist_height=256;
Mat hist_img = Mat::zeros(hist_height,bins*scale, CV_8UC3);
for(int i=0;i<bins;i++)
{
float bin_val = hist.at<float>(i);
int intensity = cvRound(bin_val*hist_height/max_val); //要绘制的高度
rectangle(hist_img,Point(i*scale,hist_height-1),
Point((i+1)*scale - 1, hist_height - intensity),
CV_RGB(255,255,255));
}
imshow( "Source", src );
imshow( "Gray Histogram", hist_img );
waitKey(10000000000);
return 0;
}
可以调直方图间距
我还发现一个问题,如果图片的格式是bmp的,会得到下列的直方图
绘制RGB三色直方图
//绘制RGB三色分量直方图
int main( )
{
Mat src;
src=imread("baboon.jpg");
int bins = 256;
int hist_size[] = {bins};
float range[] = { 0, 256 };
const float* ranges[] = { range};
MatND hist_r,hist_g,hist_b;
int channels_r[] = {0};
calcHist( &src, 1, channels_r, Mat(), // do not use mask
hist_r, 1, hist_size, ranges,
true, // the histogram is uniform
false );
int channels_g[] = {1};
calcHist( &src, 1, channels_g, Mat(), // do not use mask
hist_g, 1, hist_size, ranges,
true, // the histogram is uniform
false );
int channels_b[] = {2};
calcHist( &src, 1, channels_b, Mat(), // do not use mask
hist_b, 1, hist_size, ranges,
true, // the histogram is uniform
false );
double max_val_r,max_val_g,max_val_b;
minMaxLoc(hist_r, 0, &max_val_r, 0, 0);
minMaxLoc(hist_g, 0, &max_val_g, 0, 0);
minMaxLoc(hist_b, 0, &max_val_b, 0, 0);
int scale = 1;
int hist_height=256;
Mat hist_img = Mat::zeros(hist_height,bins*3, CV_8UC3);
for(int i=0;i<bins;i++)
{
float bin_val_r = hist_r.at<float>(i);
float bin_val_g = hist_g.at<float>(i);
float bin_val_b = hist_b.at<float>(i);
int intensity_r = cvRound(bin_val_r*hist_height/max_val_r); //要绘制的高度
int intensity_g = cvRound(bin_val_g*hist_height/max_val_g); //要绘制的高度
int intensity_b = cvRound(bin_val_b*hist_height/max_val_b); //要绘制的高度
rectangle(hist_img,Point(i*scale,hist_height-1),
Point((i+1)*scale - 1, hist_height - intensity_r),
CV_RGB(255,0,0));
rectangle(hist_img,Point((i+bins)*scale,hist_height-1),
Point((i+bins+1)*scale - 1, hist_height - intensity_g),
CV_RGB(0,255,0));
rectangle(hist_img,Point((i+bins*2)*scale,hist_height-1),
Point((i+bins*2+1)*scale - 1, hist_height - intensity_b),
CV_RGB(0,0,255));
}
imshow( "Source", src );
imshow( "RGB Histogram", hist_img );
waitKey(10000000000);
return 0;
}
绘制二维直方图
version 1
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
Mat srcImage = imread("baboon.jpg");
imshow("【原图】", srcImage);
Mat hsvImage;
//因为要计算H-S的直方图,所以需要得到一个HSV空间的图像
cvtColor(srcImage, hsvImage, CV_BGR2HSV);
imshow("【HSV空间的原图】", hsvImage);
//为计算直方图配置变量
//首先是需要计算的图像的通道,就是需要计算图像的哪个通道(bgr空间需要确定计算 b或g货r空间)
int channels[] = { 0, 1 };
//然后是配置输出的结果存储的 空间 ,用MatND类型来存储结果
MatND dstHist;
//接下来是直方图的每一个维度的 柱条的数目(就是将数值分组,共有多少组)
//如果这里写成int histSize = 256; 那么下面调用计算直方图的函数的时候,该变量需要写 &histSize
int histSize[] = { 30, 32 };
//最后是确定每个维度的取值范围,就是横坐标的总数
//首先得定义一个变量用来存储 单个维度的 数值的取值范围
float HRanges[] = { 0, 180 };
float SRanges[] = { 0, 256 };
const float *ranges[] = { HRanges, SRanges };
calcHist(&hsvImage, 1, channels, Mat(), dstHist, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false);
//calcHist 函数调用结束后,dstHist变量中将储存了 直方图的信息 用dstHist的模版函数 at<Type>(i)得到第i个柱条的值
//at<Type>(i, j)得到第i个并且第j个柱条的值
//开始直观的显示直方图——绘制直方图
//首先先创建一个黑底的图像,为了可以显示彩色,所以该绘制图像是一个8位的3通道图像
Mat drawImage = Mat::zeros(Size(300, 320), CV_8UC3);
//因为任何一个图像的某个像素的总个数,都有可能会有很多,会超出所定义的图像的尺寸,针对这种情况,先对个数进行范围的限制
//先用 minMaxLoc函数来得到计算直方图后的像素的最大个数
double g_dHistMaxValue;
minMaxLoc(dstHist, 0, &g_dHistMaxValue, 0, 0);
//将像素的个数整合到 图像的最大范围内
//遍历直方图得到的数据
for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 32; j++)
{
int value = cvRound(dstHist.at<float>(i, j) * 256 / g_dHistMaxValue);
rectangle(drawImage, Point(10 * i, j * 10), Point((i + 1) * 10 - 1, (j + 1) * 10 - 1), Scalar(value), -1);
}
}
imshow("【直方图】", drawImage);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
version 2
//绘制H-S二维直方图
int main( )
{
Mat src,hsv;
src=imread("baboon.jpg");
cvtColor(src, hsv, CV_BGR2HSV);
// Quantize the hue to 30 levels
// and the saturation to 32 levels
int hbins = 256, sbins = 180;
int histSize[] = {hbins, sbins};
// hue varies from 0 to 179, see cvtColor
float hranges[] = { 0, 180 };
// saturation varies from 0 (black-gray-white) to
// 255 (pure spectrum color)
float sranges[] = { 0, 256 };
const float* ranges[] = { hranges, sranges };
MatND hist;
// we compute the histogram from the 0-th and 1-st channels
int channels[] = {0, 1};
calcHist( &hsv, 1, channels, Mat(), // do not use mask
hist, 2, histSize, ranges,
true, // the histogram is uniform
false );
double maxVal=0;
minMaxLoc(hist, 0, &maxVal, 0, 0);
int scale = 2;
Mat histImg = Mat::zeros(sbins*scale, hbins*scale, CV_8UC3);
for( int h = 0; h < hbins; h++ )
for( int s = 0; s < sbins; s++ )
{
float binVal = hist.at<float>(h, s);
int intensity = cvRound(binVal*255/maxVal);
rectangle( histImg, Point(h*scale, s*scale),
Point( (h+1)*scale - 1, (s+1)*scale - 1),
Scalar::all(intensity),
CV_FILLED );
}
namedWindow( "Source", 1 );
imshow( "Source", src );
namedWindow( "H-S Histogram", 1 );
imshow( "H-S Histogram", histImg );
waitKey(10000000000);
return 0;
}
主要参考博客:
参考博客1:http://blog.csdn.net/u011574296/article/details/70880423
参考博客2:http://blog.csdn.net/xiaowei_cqu/article/details/8833799
参考博客3 :http://blog.csdn.net/qq_23880193/article/details/49669265