Spring Mvc 入门之框架搭建及第一个应用程序

Spring Mvc 简介

1.Spring Mvc为展现层提供基于Mvc设计的优秀的web框架 (也就是说Spring Mvc 和Struts2的作用是一样的 )
2. Spring MVC是目前最主流MVC 框架之一
3.Spring3.0 后超越Struts2成为最优秀的MVC框架
4.MVC通过MVC注解，让POJO 处理请求
5.控制器无需实现任何接口
6.支持REST 风格格URL 请求
7.扩展性和灵活性

Spring Mvc 项目框架搭建

1.导入jar包
2.在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet
3.创建springmvc.xml并且配置springmvc.xml
4.编写请求处理器并标识为控制器
5.编写视图

(1)spring mvc 需要的jar包

(2)web.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
    <!-- spring监听器 加载spring Care -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <!-- 配置application.xml路径 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!-- Spring Web应用程序的前端控制器，负责处理所有应用程序请求 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!-- 配置springmvc.xml路径 -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!-- 请求的分发器处理 -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

(3)springmvc.xml文件配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
    <!-- 注解扫描 -->   
    <mvc:annotation-driven enable-matrix-variables="true"/>

    <!-- 配置 spring标注 
        @Controller
        @Service
     -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvc.controller"/>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property>
            <!-- 前缀 -->
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"></property>
            <!-- 后缀 -->
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
            <!-- 解析order  优先级 -->           
            <property name="order" value="1"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

(4)编写请求处理器并标识为控制器

package com.springmvc.controller;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class SpringMvcHello {

    //输入helloworld 执行了hello方法
    @RequestMapping("/helloworld")
    public String Hello() {
        System.out.println("执行了hello方法.......");
        return "success";
    }

    //使用Model 传值到视图页面 
    @RequestMapping("/1")
    public String Hello1(Model model ) {
        model.addAttribute("hello", "success page ........");
        return "success";
    }

    //使用ModelAndView 传值到视图页面 
    @RequestMapping("/2")
    public ModelAndView Hello2() {
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
        mav.setViewName("success");
        mav.addObject("hello", "小猪佩奇");
        return mav;
    }

    //使用Map 传值到视图页面 
    @RequestMapping("/3")
    public String Hello3(Map<String , Object> model) {
        model.put("hello", "biubiubiu......");
        return "success";
    }

}

(5)jsp 视图

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
${hello }
</body>
</html>

访问的链接 (springMvcHelloWorld为项目名 user为 类注解的路径 2为方法体注解的路径 )

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