Servlet学习日志1
Servelet的生命周期
第一阶段:Servlet 通过调用 init () 方法进行初始化。
第二阶段:Servlet 调用 service() 方法来处理客户端的请求。
第三阶段Servlet 通过调用 destroy() 方法终止(结束)。
Serlvet请求
Serlvet请求分为GET和POST方法,这两者具有较大区别,用于不同的场景来处理请求
1.Serlvet中的Get请求来自于一个 URL 的正常请求,或者来自于一个未指定 METHOD 的 HTML 表单。他会将请求的编码信息添加在网址后面,网址与编码信息通过”?”号分隔。
例如下面这个:
2.Serlvet中的POST请求来自于一个特别指定了 METHOD 为 POST 的 HTML 表单。POST提交数据是不可见的,所以它提交数据是隐式的一些敏感信息,如密码等我们可以通过POST方法传递。
第一个Servlet小程序
- 我预先写完了2个JSP网页。我们将采用这两个网页来具体实现我们的Servlet请求。
jsp网站中有各式输入框,我们可以用Selvlet来获得他们的参数。
reg.jsp(接受输入)
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'reg.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
<style type="text/css">
.label{
width: 20%
}
.controler{
width: 80%
}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/Calendar3.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>用户注册</h1>
<hr>
<form name="regForm" action="servlet/RegServlet" method="post" >
<table border="0" width="800" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td class="lalel">用户名:</td>
<td class="controler"><input type="text" name="username" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">密码:</td>
<td class="controler"><input type="password" name="mypassword" ></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">确认密码:</td>
<td class="controler"><input type="password" name="confirmpass" ></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">电子邮箱:</td>
<td class="controler"><input type="text" name="email" ></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">性别:</td>
<td class="controler"><input type="radio" name="gender" checked="checked" value="Male">男<input type="radio" name="gender" value="Female">女</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">出生日期:</td>
<td class="controler">
<input name="birthday" type="text" id="control_date" size="10"
maxlength="10" onclick="new Calendar().show(this);" readonly="readonly" />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">爱好:</td>
<td class="controler">
<input type="checkbox" name="favorite" value="nba"> NBA
<input type="checkbox" name="favorite" value="music"> 音乐
<input type="checkbox" name="favorite" value="movie"> 电影
<input type="checkbox" name="favorite" value="internet"> 上网
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">自我介绍:</td>
<td class="controler">
<textarea name="introduce" rows="10" cols="40"></textarea>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="label">接受协议:</td>
<td class="controler">
<input type="checkbox" name="isAccept" value="true">是否接受霸王条款
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center">
<input type="submit" value="注册"/>
<input type="reset" value="取消"/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
userinfo.jsp(使用servlet输出内容)
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*,java.text.*" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'userinfo.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
<style type="text/css">
.title{
width: 30%;
background-color: #CCC;
font-weight: bold;
}
.content{
width:70%;
background-color: #CBCFE5;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>用户信息</h1>
<hr>
<center>
<jsp:useBean id="regUser" class="entity.Users" scope="session"/>
<table width="600" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tr>
<td class="title">用户名:</td>
<td class="content"> <jsp:getProperty name="regUser" property="username"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="title">密码:</td>
<td class="content"> <jsp:getProperty name="regUser" property="mypassword"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="title">性别:</td>
<td class="content"> <jsp:getProperty name="regUser" property="gender"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="title">E-mail:</td>
<td class="content"> <jsp:getProperty name="regUser" property="email"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="title">出生日期:</td>
<td class="content">
<%
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日");
String date = sdf.format(regUser.getBirthday());
%>
<%=date%>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="title">爱好:</td>
<td class="content">
<%
String[] favorites = regUser.getFavorites();
for(String f:favorites)
{
%>
<%=f%>
<%
}
%>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="title">自我介绍:</td>
<td class="content"> <jsp:getProperty name="regUser" property="introduce"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="title">是否介绍协议:</td>
<td class="content"> <jsp:getProperty name="regUser" property="flag"/></td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
</body>
</html>
2.开始编写Servlet程序
我们首先编写一个User类,这个类的作用是为了来定义接受第一个JSP页面内的一些参数,所以我们定义的类的成员和类型都要与JSP页面中一致。
package entity;
import java.util.Date;
//用户实体类
public class Users {
private String username; //用户名
private String mypassword; //密码
private String email; //电子邮箱
private String gender; //性别
private Date birthday; //出生日期
private String[] favorites; //爱好
private String introduce; //自我介绍
private boolean flag; //是否接受协议
public Users()
{
}
//可以使用Source-Generate Getters and Setters创建get和set方法
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getMypassword() {
return mypassword;
}
public void setMypassword(String mypassword) {
this.mypassword = mypassword;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String[] getFavorites() {
return favorites;
}
public void setFavorites(String[] favorites) {
this.favorites = favorites;
}
public String getIntroduce() {
return introduce;
}
public void setIntroduce(String introduce) {
this.introduce = introduce;
}
public boolean isFlag() {
return flag;
}
public void setFlag(boolean flag) {
this.flag = flag;
}
}
然后我们编写Servlet请求处理类。直接创建Servlet类(Myeclipse 2017 CI 7 )
该类中通过重写一些方法来完成想要的目的:
- init( ):初始化方法
- destroy( ) :销毁方法
- doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response):接受get请求
- doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response):接受post请求
这个类中还有一些运用到JSP的客户端请求的信息
- String getParameter(String name):返回此request中name指定的参数,若不存在则返回null
- String[] getParameterValues(String name):返回指定名称的参数的所有值,若不存在则返回null(主要用于多选框之类返回多个值的情况)
package servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import entity.Users;
public class RegServlet extends HttpServlet {
/**
* Constructor of the object.
*/
public RegServlet() {
super();
}
/**
* Destruction of the servlet. <br>
*/
public void destroy() {
super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
// Put your code here
}
/**
* The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
*
* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
*
* @param request the request send by the client to the server
* @param response the response send by the server to the client
* @throws ServletException if an error occurred
* @throws IOException if an error occurred
*/
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//默认为采用和dopost方法相同的过程
doPost(request,response);
}
/**
* The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
*
* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post.
*
* @param request the request send by the client to the server
* @param response the response send by the server to the client
* @throws ServletException if an error occurred
* @throws IOException if an error occurred
*/
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//设置页面的字符集为UTF-8
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//调用User类产生一个u对象
Users u = new Users();
//定义一些参数用来接收request
//此处参数的类型要相同,不然会产生错误
String username,mypassword,gender,email,introduce,isAccept;
Date birthday;
String[] favorites;
//转换String类型到Date类型
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
//由于中间会抛出错误,所以需要try-catch语句来接收
try
{
//返回request中得到的"username"中的参数,下同
username = request.getParameter("username");
mypassword = request.getParameter("mypassword");
gender = request.getParameter("gender");
email = request.getParameter("email");
introduce = request.getParameter("introduce");
birthday = sdf.parse(request.getParameter("birthday"));
//由于存储的是空和数值,所以需要转换一下,不然会报错
if(request.getParameterValues("isAccept")!=null)
{
isAccept = request.getParameter("isAccept");
}
else
{
isAccept = "false";
}
//用来获取多个复选按钮的值
favorites = request.getParameterValues("favorite");
//将request得到的值带入对象u之中
u.setUsername(username);
u.setMypassword(mypassword);
u.setGender(gender);
u.setEmail(email);
u.setFavorites(favorites);
u.setIntroduce(introduce);
if(isAccept.equals("true"))
{
u.setFlag(true);
}
else
{
u.setFlag(false);
}
u.setBirthday(birthday);
//把注册成功的用户对象保存在session中
request.getSession().setAttribute("regUser", u);
//跳转到注册成功页面(上层目录的userinfo.jsp)
request.getRequestDispatcher("../userinfo.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* Initialization of the servlet. <br>
*
* @throws ServletException if an error occurs
*/
public void init() throws ServletException {
// Put your code here
}
}
最后我们编写WEB-INF目录下的web.xml文件
由于myeclipse 2017版本不带自动加入web.xml文件,所以我们需要手动编写web.xml,如果你的编译器自动帮你加入了这个, 你就可以忽略这个步骤
我们需要加入的是servlet和servlet-mapping ,其中servlet中有servlet-name中填写的是项目的名称,servlet-class填写的是类的地址。servlet-mapping中同样填写servlet-name(这个要与servlet中的servlet-name相同)还有url-pattern中填写servlet类的/包名/类名。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<display-name></display-name>
<servlet>
<description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description>
<display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name>
<servlet-name>RegServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.RegServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>RegServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/RegServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>reg.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
学习日记1的成果
程序运行后输入http://www.localhost:8080/ServletGetFormInfoDemo/reg.jsp会跳转至该网页
输入值后点击注册会跳转至userinfo.jsp
地址栏没有值且命令行输出“处理post请求”,可验证为post
程序运行的小结
在编写程序过程中,需要注意web.xml文件的编写,这个会影响到你是否能够正确跳转到正确的地址,否则一直会出现404和500错误。也要注意给User赋值的时候的数据类型是否有可能性传递空值导致最后网页不能正确显示。多调试才能做出好网站!