11-继承

• 继承(Inheritance)

• 值类型(枚举、结构体)不支持继承，只有类支持继承

• 没有父类的类，称为：基类
  Swift 并没有像 OC、Java 那样的规定：任何类最终都要继承自某个基类

• 子类可以重写父类的下标、方法、属性，重写必须加上 override

• 内存结构

class Animal {
    var age = 0
}

class Dog: Animal {
    var weight = 0
}

class Erha: Dog {
    var iq = 0
}

let a = Animal()
a.age = 10
// 32
print(Mems.size(ofRef: a))

/*
 0x00000001000073c8
 0x0000000000000002
 0x000000000000000a
 0x0000000000000000
 */
print(Mems.memStr(ofRef: a))

let d = Dog()
d.age = 10
d.weight = 20

// 32
print(Mems.size(ofRef: d))

/*
 0x0000000100007478
 0x0000000000000002
 0x000000000000000a
 0x0000000000000014
 */
print(Mems.memStr(ofRef: d))

let e = Erha()
e.age = 10
e.weight = 20
e.iq = 30

// 48
print(Mems.size(ofRef: e))

/*
0x0000000100007548
 0x0000000000000002
 0x000000000000000a
 0x0000000000000014
 0x000000000000001e
 0x0000000000000000
 */
print(Mems.memStr(ofRef: e))

• 重写实例方法、下标

class Animal {
    func speak() {
        print("Animal speak")
    }
    
    subscript(index: Int) -> Int {
        return index
    }
}

class Cat: Animal {
    override func speak() {
        super.speak()
        print("Cat speak")
    }
    
    override subscript(index: Int) -> Int {
        return super[index] + 1
    }
}

var anim: Animal
anim = Animal()

anim.speak()    // Animal speak

print(anim[6])  // 6

anim = Cat()

// Animal speak
// Cat speak
anim.speak()

// 7
print(anim[6])

• 重写类型方法、下标

• 被 class 修饰的类型方法、下标，允许被子类重写
• 被 static 修饰的类型方法、下标，不允许被子类重写

class Animal {
    class func speak() {
        print("Animal speak")
    }
    
    class subscript(index: Int) -> Int {
        return index
    }
}
// Animal speak
Animal.speak()
// 6
print(Animal[6])

class Cat: Animal {
    
    override class func speak() {
        super.speak()
        print("Cat speak")
    }
    
    override class subscript(index: Int) -> Int {
        return super[index] + 1
    }
}
// Animal speak
// Cat speak
Cat.speak()
// 7
print(Cat[6])

• 重写属性

• 子类可以将父类的属性(存储、计算)重写为计算属性
• 子类不可以将父类属性重写为存储属性
• 只能重写 var 属性，不能重写 let 属性
• 重写时，属性名，类名要一致
• 子类重写后的属性权限不能小于父类属性的权限

1. 如果父类属性只是只读的，那么子类重写后的属性可以是只读的，也可以是可读写的
2. 如果父类属性时可读写的，那么子类重写后的属性也必须是可读写的

• 重写实例属性

class Circle {
    var radius: Int = 0
    var diameter: Int {
        set {
            print("Circle setDiameter")
            radius = newValue / 2
        }
        get {
            print("Circle getDiameter")
            return radius * 2
        }
    }
}

var c: Circle
c = Circle()
c.radius = 6

// Circle getDiameter
// 12
print(c.diameter)

// Circle setDiameter
c.diameter = 20

// 10
print(c.radius)

class SubCircle: Circle {
    override var radius: Int {
        set {
            print("SubCircle setRadius")
            super.radius = newValue > 0 ? newValue : 0
        }
        get {
            print("SubCircle getRadius")
            return super.radius
        }
    }
    
    override var diameter: Int {
        set {
            print("SubCircle setDiameter")
            super.diameter = newValue > 0 ? newValue : 0
        }
        get {
            print("SubCircle getRadius")
            return super.diameter
        }
    }
}

c = SubCircle()
// SubCircle setRadius
c.radius = 6

// SubCircle getRadius
// Circle getDiameter
// SubCircle getRadius
// 12
print(c.diameter)

// SubCircle setDiameter
// Circle setDiameter
// SubCircle setRadius
c.diameter = 20

// SubCircle getRadius
// 10
print(c.radius)

• 属性观察器

class Circle {
    var radius: Int = 1
}

class SubCircle: Circle {
    override var radius: Int {
        willSet {
            print("SubCircle willSetRadius", newValue)
        }
        didSet {
            print("SubCircle didSetRadius", oldValue, radius)
        }
    }
}

var c = SubCircle()

// SubCircle willSetRadius 10
// SubCircle didSetRadius 1 10
c.radius = 10

class Circle {
    var radius: Int = 1 {
        willSet {
            print("Circle willSetRadius", newValue)
        }
        didSet {
            print("Circle didSetRadius", oldValue, radius)
        }
    }
}

class SubCircle: Circle {
    override var radius: Int {
        willSet {
            print("SubCircle willSetRadius", newValue)
        }
        didSet {
            print("SubCircle didSetRadius", oldValue, radius)
        }
    }
}

var c = SubCircle()

// SubCircle willSetRadius 10
// Circle willSetRadius 10
// Circle didSetRadius 1 10
// SubCircle didSetRadius 1 10
c.radius = 10

class Circle {
    var radius: Int {
        set {
            print("Circle setRadius", newValue)
        }
        get {
            print("Circle getRadius")
            return 20
        }
    }
}

class SubCircle: Circle {
    override var radius: Int {
        willSet {
            print("SubCircle willSetRadius", newValue)
        }
        didSet {
            print("SubCircle didSetRadius", oldValue, radius)
        }
    }
}

var c = SubCircle()

//Circle getRadius
//SubCircle willSetRadius 10
//Circle setRadius 10
//Circle getRadius
//SubCircle didSetRadius 20 20
c.radius = 10

• final

• 被 final 修饰的方法、下标、属性，禁止被重写
• 被 final 修饰的类，禁止被继承

本文章只是本人的学习笔记！