扩展(Extension)
Swift 中的扩展,有点类似于 OC 中的分类)(Category) 扩展可以为枚举、结构体、类、协议添加新功能 可以添加方法、计算属性、下标、(便捷)初始化器、嵌套类型、协议等 扩展不能办到的事情
不能覆盖原有的功能 不能添加存储属性,不能向已有的属性添加属性观察器 不能添加父类 不能添加指定初始化器 …
计算属性、下标、方法、嵌套类型
extension Double {
var km: Double { self * 1_000.0 }
var m: Double { self }
var dm: Double { self / 10.0 }
var cm: Double { self / 100.0 }
var mm: Double { self / 1_000.0 }
}
extension Array {
subscript ( nullable idx: Int ) - > Element ? {
if ( startIndex. . < endIndex) . contains ( idx) {
return self [ idx]
}
return nil
}
}
extension Int {
func repetitions ( task: ( ) - > Void ) {
for _ in 0 . . < self { task ( ) }
}
mutating func square ( ) - > Int {
self = self * self
return self
}
enum Kind { case negative, zer0, positive }
var kind: Kind {
switch self {
case 0 : return . zer0
case let x where x > 0 : return . positive
default :
return . negative
}
}
subscript ( digitIndex: Int ) - > Int {
var decimalBase = 1
for _ in 0 . . < digitIndex { decimalBase * = 10 }
return ( self / decimalBase) % 10
}
}
初始化器与便捷初始化器
class Person {
var age: Int
var name: String
init ( age: Int , name: String ) {
self . age = age
self . name = name
}
}
extension Person {
static func == ( left : Person , right : Person ) - > Bool {
left . age == right . age && left . name == right . name
}
convenience init ( ) {
self . init ( age: 0 , name: "Tony" )
}
}
struct Point {
var x: Int = 0
var y: Int = 0
}
extension Point {
init ( _ point: Point ) {
self . init ( x: point. x, y: point. y)
}
}
var p1 = Point ( )
var p2 = Point ( x: 10 )
var p3 = Point ( y: 20 )
var p4 = Point ( x: 10 , y: 20 )
var p5 = Point ( p4)
如果希望自定义初始化器的同时,编译器也能默认生成初始化器:
可以在扩展中编写自定义初始化器 required 初始化器不能写在扩展中
协议
如果一个类型已经实现了协议的所有要求,但是还没有声明它遵守了这个协议,可以通过扩展来让他遵守这个协议
protocol TestProtocol {
func test ( )
}
class TestClass {
func test ( ) {
print ( "test" )
}
}
extension TestClass : TestProtocol { }
func isOdd< T: BinaryInteger > ( _ i: T) - > Bool {
i % 2 != 0
}
extension BinaryInteger {
func isOdd ( ) - > Bool { self % 2 != 0 }
}
扩展可以给协议提供默认实现,也间接实现【可选协议】的效果 扩展可以给协议扩充【协议中从未声明过的方法】
protocol TestProtocol {
func test1 ( )
}
extension TestProtocol {
func test1 ( ) {
print ( "TestProtocol test1" )
}
func test2 ( ) {
print ( "TestProtocol test2" )
}
}
class TestClass : TestProtocol { }
var cls = TestClass ( )
cls. test1 ( )
cls. test2 ( )
var cls2: TestProtocol = TestClass ( )
cls. test1 ( )
cls2. test2 ( )
protocol TestProtocol {
func test1 ( )
}
extension TestProtocol {
func test1 ( ) {
print ( "TestProtocol test1" )
}
func test2 ( ) {
print ( "TestProtocol test2" )
}
}
class TestClass : TestProtocol {
func test1 ( ) {
print ( "TestClass test1" )
}
func test2 ( ) {
print ( "TestClass test2" )
}
}
var cls = TestClass ( )
cls. test1 ( )
cls. test2 ( )
var cls2: TestProtocol = TestClass ( )
cls. test1 ( )
cls2. test2 ( )
泛型
class Stack < E> {
var elements = [ E] ( )
func push ( _ element: E) {
elements. append ( element)
}
func pop ( ) - > E { elements. removeLast ( ) }
func size ( ) - > Int { elements. count }
}
extension Stack {
func top ( ) - > E { elements. last ! }
}
extension Stack : Equatable where E : Equatable {
static func == ( left : Stack , right : Stack ) - > Bool {
left . elements == right . elements
}
}