目标
这篇博客是在上篇博客的基础上写的：wsl + qemu + busybox/buildroot 调试：linux应用-＞系统调用-＞linux内核
应用调用系统调用，最后会运行内核里的代码
如果我们在内核里自己写了一个模块，然后应用调用驱动接口，最后也会运行到内核里的代码。
可以使用tar命令来压缩文件夹。具体步骤如下：
tar -czvf folder.tar.gz folder/
其中，-c表示创建一个新的压缩文件，-z表示使用gzip算法进行压缩，-v表示在压缩的过程中显示详细信息，-f表示指定压缩后的文件名，folder.tar.gz为压缩后的文件名，folder/为要压缩的文件夹路径。
先把上个博客的工程压缩备份，然后开始今天的博客：
tar -czvf linux.tar.gz linux/
或者，嫌压缩费时间
cp -rf linux linux_bak
编译带驱动的内核
命令行形式配置
cd /root/uml/kernel/drivers/ldd3
//顶层source
搜索source "drivers/char/Kconfig"
source "drivers/ldd3/Kconfig"
//顶层Makefile
搜索obj-y += char/
obj-y += ldd3/
//图形化配置
cp /root/uml/kernel/drivers/char/Kconfig ./
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# ldd3 device configuration
#
menu "ldd3 devices"
# 字符设备驱动
source "drivers/ldd3/scull/Kconfig"
endmenu
//编译新的配置
cp /root/uml/kernel/drivers/char/Makefile ./
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# Makefile for the kernel ldd3 device drivers.
#
obj-$(CONFIG_SCULL) += scull/
//暂时只有大选项，没有小的选项，留着不用
touch Kconfig
menuconfig SCULL
tristate "chapter 3 scull devices"
default y
help
LDD.
if SCULL
config SCULL_DEBUG
tristate "chapter 3 scull devices debug"
help
LDD.
endif # SCULL
//修改Makefile
obj-$(CONFIG_SCULL) += main.o分开的形式配置
1 cd linux-4.14.331/drivers
2 git clone https://github.com/martinezjavier/ldd3.git
把ldd3当成跟char一样的模块来编译进内核里：
1.【顶层Kconfig】搜索source "drivers/char/Kconfig"
在下方添加一行 source "drivers/ldd3/Kconfig"
//linux-4.14.331/drivers/Kconfig
source "drivers/char/Kconfig"
source "drivers/ldd3/Kconfig"2.【顶层makefile】搜索obj-y += char/
在下方添加一行 obj-y += ldd3/
//linux-4.14.331/drivers/Makefile
obj-y += char/
obj-y += ldd3/3.【菜单ldd3 Kconfig】(注意最后一行要有换行)
cd ldd3
cp ../char/Kconfig ./
参考char的Kconfig修改
//linux-4.14.331/drivers/ldd3/Kconfig
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# ldd3 device configuration
#
menu "ldd3 devices"
# 字符设备驱动
source "drivers/ldd3/scull/Kconfig"
endmenu
4.【菜单ldd3 makefile】
cd ldd3
cp ../char/Makefile ./
参考char的makefile修改
//linux-4.14.331/drivers/ldd3/Makefile
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# Makefile for the kernel ldd3 device drivers.
#
obj-$(CONFIG_SCULL) += scull/5.【子菜单ldd3/scull Kconfig】
cd ldd3/scull
touch Kconfig
linux-4.14.331/drivers/ldd3/scull/Kconfig
menuconfig SCULL
tristate "chapter 3 scull devices"
default y
help
LDD.
if SCULL
config SCULL_DEBUG
tristate "chapter 3 scull devices debug"
help
LDD.
endif # SCULL6.【子菜单ldd3/scull makefile】
修改git上直接下载的的makefile
//linux-4.14.331/drivers/ldd3/scull/Makefile
obj-$(CONFIG_SCULL) += main.o
修改源代码
linux-4.14.331/drivers/ldd3/scull/main.c
/*
* main.c -- the bare scull char module
*
* Copyright (C) 2001 Alessandro Rubini and Jonathan Corbet
* Copyright (C) 2001 O'Reilly & Associates
*
* The source code in this file can be freely used, adapted,
* and redistributed in source or binary form, so long as an
* acknowledgment appears in derived source files. The citation
* should list that the code comes from the book "Linux Device
* Drivers" by Alessandro Rubini and Jonathan Corbet, published
* by O'Reilly & Associates. No warranty is attached;
* we cannot take responsibility for errors or fitness for use.
*
*/
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h> /* printk() */
#include <linux/slab.h> /* kmalloc() */
#include <linux/fs.h> /* everything... */
#include <linux/errno.h> /* error codes */
#include <linux/types.h> /* size_t */
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h> /* O_ACCMODE */
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h> /* copy_*_user */
#include "scull.h" /* local definitions */
#include "../include/access_ok_version.h"
#include "../include/proc_ops_version.h"
/*
* Our parameters which can be set at load time.
*/
int scull_major = SCULL_MAJOR;
int scull_minor = 0;
int scull_nr_devs = SCULL_NR_DEVS; /* number of bare scull devices */
int scull_quantum = SCULL_QUANTUM;
int scull_qset = SCULL_QSET;
module_param(scull_major, int, S_IRUGO);
module_param(scull_minor, int, S_IRUGO);
module_param(scull_nr_devs, int, S_IRUGO);
module_param(scull_quantum, int, S_IRUGO);
module_param(scull_qset, int, S_IRUGO);
MODULE_AUTHOR("Alessandro Rubini, Jonathan Corbet");
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
struct scull_dev *scull_devices; /* allocated in scull_init_module */
/*
* Empty out the scull device; must be called with the device
* semaphore held.
*/
int scull_trim(struct scull_dev *dev)
{
struct scull_qset *next, *dptr;
int qset = dev->qset; /* "dev" is not-null */
int i;
for (dptr = dev->data; dptr; dptr = next) { /* all the list items */
if (dptr->data) {
for (i = 0; i < qset; i++)
//释放量子的内存
kfree(dptr->data[i]);
//释放数组
kfree(dptr->data);
dptr->data = NULL;
}
next = dptr->next;
//释放一个链表节点
kfree(dptr);
}
dev->size = 0;
dev->quantum = scull_quantum;
dev->qset = scull_qset;
dev->data = NULL;
return 0;
}
#ifdef SCULL_DEBUG /* use proc only if debugging */
/*
* The proc filesystem: function to read and entry
*/
int scull_read_procmem(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
{
int i, j;
int limit = s->size - 80; /* Don't print more than this */
for (i = 0; i < scull_nr_devs && s->count <= limit; i++) {
struct scull_dev *d = &scull_devices[i];
struct scull_qset *qs = d->data;
if (mutex_lock_interruptible(&d->lock))
return -ERESTARTSYS;
seq_printf(s,"\nDevice %i: qset %i, q %i, sz %li\n",
i, d->qset, d->quantum, d->size);
for (; qs && s->count <= limit; qs = qs->next) { /* scan the list */
seq_printf(s, " item at %p, qset at %p\n",
qs, qs->data);
if (qs->data && !qs->next) /* dump only the last item */
for (j = 0; j < d->qset; j++) {
if (qs->data[j])
seq_printf(s, " % 4i: %8p\n",
j, qs->data[j]);
}
}
mutex_unlock(&scull_devices[i].lock);
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Here are our sequence iteration methods. Our "position" is
* simply the device number.
*/
static void *scull_seq_start(struct seq_file *s, loff_t *pos)
{
if (*pos >= scull_nr_devs)
return NULL; /* No more to read */
return scull_devices + *pos;
}
static void *scull_seq_next(struct seq_file *s, void *v, loff_t *pos)
{
(*pos)++;
if (*pos >= scull_nr_devs)
return NULL;
return scull_devices + *pos;
}
static void scull_seq_stop(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
{
/* Actually, there's nothing to do here */
}
static int scull_seq_show(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
{
struct scull_dev *dev = (struct scull_dev *) v;
struct scull_qset *d;
int i;
if (mutex_lock_interruptible(&dev->lock))
return -ERESTARTSYS;
seq_printf(s, "\nDevice %i: qset %i, q %i, sz %li\n",
(int) (dev - scull_devices), dev->qset,
dev->quantum, dev->size);
for (d = dev->data; d; d = d->next) { /* scan the list */
seq_printf(s, " item at %p, qset at %p\n", d, d->data);
if (d->data && !d->next) /* dump only the last item */
for (i = 0; i < dev->qset; i++) {
if (d->data[i])
seq_printf(s, " % 4i: %8p\n",
i, d->data[i]);
}
}
mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
return 0;
}
/*
* Tie the sequence operators up.
*/
static struct seq_operations scull_seq_ops = {
.start = scull_seq_start,
.next = scull_seq_next,
.stop = scull_seq_stop,
.show = scull_seq_show
};
/*
* Now to implement the /proc files we need only make an open
* method which sets up the sequence operators.
*/
static int scullmem_proc_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
return single_open(file, scull_read_procmem, NULL);
}
static int scullseq_proc_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
return seq_open(file, &scull_seq_ops);
}
/*
* Create a set of file operations for our proc files.
*/
static struct file_operations scullmem_proc_ops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = scullmem_proc_open,
.read = seq_read,
.llseek = seq_lseek,
.release = single_release
};
static struct file_operations scullseq_proc_ops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = scullseq_proc_open,
.read = seq_read,
.llseek = seq_lseek,
.release = seq_release
};
/*
* Actually create (and remove) the /proc file(s).
*/
static void scull_create_proc(void)
{
proc_create_data("scullmem", 0 /* default mode */,
NULL /* parent dir */, proc_ops_wrapper(&scullmem_proc_ops, scullmem_pops),
NULL /* client data */);
proc_create("scullseq", 0, NULL, proc_ops_wrapper(&scullseq_proc_ops, scullseq_pops));
}
static void scull_remove_proc(void)
{
/* no problem if it was not registered */
remove_proc_entry("scullmem", NULL /* parent dir */);
remove_proc_entry("scullseq", NULL);
}
#endif /* SCULL_DEBUG */
/*
* Open and close
*/
//i 节点,文件表项
int scull_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
struct scull_dev *dev; /* device information */
printk(KERN_WARNING "[川] scull_open\n");
dev = container_of(inode->i_cdev, struct scull_dev, cdev);
filp->private_data = dev; /* for other methods */
/* now trim to 0 the length of the device if open was write-only */
if ( (filp->f_flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_WRONLY) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "[川] scull_open:只写\n");
if (mutex_lock_interruptible(&dev->lock))
return -ERESTARTSYS;
scull_trim(dev); /* ignore errors */
mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
}
else if((filp->f_flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_RDONLY){
printk(KERN_WARNING "[川] scull_open:只读\n");
}
else if((filp->f_flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_RDWR){
printk(KERN_WARNING "[川] scull_open:可读可写\n");
}
return 0; /* success */
}
int scull_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
printk(KERN_WARNING "[川] scull_release\n");
return 0;
}
/*
* Follow the list
*/
//如何处理文件空洞？
struct scull_qset *scull_follow(struct scull_dev *dev, int n)
{
struct scull_qset *qs = dev->data;
/* Allocate first qset explicitly if need be */
if (! qs) {
qs = dev->data = kmalloc(sizeof(struct scull_qset), GFP_KERNEL);
if (qs == NULL)
return NULL; /* Never mind */
memset(qs, 0, sizeof(struct scull_qset));
}
/* Then follow the list */
while (n--) {
if (!qs->next) {
qs->next = kmalloc(sizeof(struct scull_qset), GFP_KERNEL);
if (qs->next == NULL)
return NULL; /* Never mind */
memset(qs->next, 0, sizeof(struct scull_qset));
}
qs = qs->next;
continue;
}
return qs;
}
/*
* Data management: read and write
*/
//多个file*代表多个文件表项，inode代表唯一的i节点：多个进程通过多个file*，竞争唯一的inode，信号或进程间通信
//文件结构体：文件的加载态/dev/scull0，文件的运行态 innode
//不是C库的FILE
//应该是应用书P80的i节点（文件表项是内核对于打开的i节点的管理，超级块是对硬盘上i节点的管理）（文件长度）
//或者p112 i节点含有文件属性和对block的指针
//基于当前的f_pos可能读count个字节（少于count的原因，文件就这么大，读完了）
//应用层读写多余一个量子是什么表现呢？
ssize_t scull_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count,
loff_t *f_pos)
{
int countBak=count;
struct scull_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
struct scull_qset *dptr; /* the first listitem */
int quantum = dev->quantum, qset = dev->qset;
int itemsize = quantum * qset; /* how many bytes in the listitem */
int item, s_pos, q_pos, rest;
ssize_t retval = 0;
printk(KERN_WARNING "[川] scull_read\n");
if (mutex_lock_interruptible(&dev->lock))
return -ERESTARTSYS;
if (*f_pos >= dev->size)//size是尾后
goto out;
if (*f_pos + count > dev->size)
count = dev->size - *f_pos;
/* find listitem, qset index, and offset in the quantum */
item = (long)*f_pos / itemsize; //第几个链表节点
rest = (long)*f_pos % itemsize;
s_pos = rest / quantum; q_pos = rest % quantum; //(量子几，偏移几)
/* follow the list up to the right position (defined elsewhere) */
dptr = scull_follow(dev, item);
if (dptr == NULL || !dptr->data || ! dptr->data[s_pos])
goto out; /* don't fill holes */
/* read only up to the end of this quantum */
if (count > quantum - q_pos)
count = quantum - q_pos;
if (copy_to_user(buf, dptr->data[s_pos] + q_pos, count)) {
retval = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
*f_pos += count;
printk(KERN_WARNING "[川] (链表%d,量子%d,偏移%d,实际读%d字节(尝试读%d字节),首字节是%c,新的偏移是%d)\n",item,s_pos,q_pos,count,countBak,*(char*)(dptr->data[s_pos]+q_pos),*f_pos);
retval = count;
out:
mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
return retval;
}
//基于当前的文件偏移量，可能写count个字节
//空洞，一次只分配一个量子而已
ssize_t scull_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t count,
loff_t *f_pos)
{
int countBak=count;
struct scull_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
struct scull_qset *dptr;
int quantum = dev->quantum, qset = dev->qset;
//一个链表节点的大小=量子大小*数组大小
int itemsize = quantum * qset;
int item, s_pos, q_pos, rest;
ssize_t retval = -ENOMEM; /* value used in "goto out" statements */
printk(KERN_WARNING "[川] scull_write\n");
if (mutex_lock_interruptible(&dev->lock))
return -ERESTARTSYS;
/* find listitem, qset index and offset in the quantum */
item = (long)*f_pos / itemsize;//第几个链表节点
rest = (long)*f_pos % itemsize;
s_pos = rest / quantum;//data[s_pos]
q_pos = rest % quantum;//量子的位操作
/* follow the list up to the right position */
dptr = scull_follow(dev, item);
if (dptr == NULL)
goto out;
//qset个空指针
if (!dptr->data) {
dptr->data = kmalloc(qset * sizeof(char *), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!dptr->data)
goto out;
memset(dptr->data, 0, qset * sizeof(char *));
}
//只分配一个量子？万一一个量子装不下用户这次写的数据呢
if (!dptr->data[s_pos]) {
dptr->data[s_pos] = kmalloc(quantum, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!dptr->data[s_pos])
goto out;
}
/* write only up to the end of this quantum */
//下次再写
if (count > quantum - q_pos)
count = quantum - q_pos;
if (copy_from_user(dptr->data[s_pos]+q_pos, buf, count)) {
retval = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
//驱动没法调式，在这里加一句关键打印就好了
//不能直接用buf
/*
[ +0.000018] BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 00007fffffffdc43
[ +0.000005] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
[ +0.000002] #PF: error_code(0x0001) - permissions violation
*/
//printk(KERN_WARNING "[川] (链表%d,量子%d,偏移%d,写%d字节,首字节是%c)\n",item,s_pos,q_pos,count,*buf);
//修改当前文件偏移量
*f_pos += count;
printk(KERN_WARNING "[川] (链表%d,量子%d,偏移%d,实际写%d字节(尝试写%d字节),首字节是%c,新的偏移是%d)\n",item,s_pos,q_pos,count,countBak,*(char*)(dptr->data[s_pos]+q_pos),*f_pos);
retval = count;
/* update the size */
if (dev->size < *f_pos)
dev->size = *f_pos;
out:
mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
return retval;
}
/*
* The ioctl() implementation
*/
/*
* The "extended" operations -- only seek
*/
loff_t scull_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t off, int whence)
{
struct scull_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
loff_t newpos;
switch(whence) {
case 0: /* SEEK_SET */
newpos = off;
break;
case 1: /* SEEK_CUR */
newpos = filp->f_pos + off;
break;
case 2: /* SEEK_END */
newpos = dev->size + off;
break;
default: /* can't happen */
return -EINVAL;
}
if (newpos < 0) return -EINVAL;
filp->f_pos = newpos;
printk(KERN_WARNING "[川] 设置当前文件偏移量(%d,%d)=%d\n",whence,off,newpos);
return newpos;
}
//驱动操作结构体，反指驱动
//证道求一：一就是P54
//全集：也许在某个网站/手册/源码
//人生如何证道求一呢
struct file_operations scull_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.llseek = scull_llseek,
.read = scull_read,
.write = scull_write,
.unlocked_ioctl = NULL,
.open = scull_open,
.release = scull_release,
};
/*
* Finally, the module stuff
*/
/*
* The cleanup function is used to handle initialization failures as well.
* Thefore, it must be careful to work correctly even if some of the items
* have not been initialized
*/
void scull_cleanup_module(void)
{
int i;
dev_t devno = MKDEV(scull_major, scull_minor);
printk(KERN_WARNING "[川] 因果早沾身。\n");
/* Get rid of our char dev entries */
if (scull_devices) {
for (i = 0; i < scull_nr_devs; i++) {
scull_trim(scull_devices + i);
cdev_del(&scull_devices[i].cdev);
}
kfree(scull_devices);
}
#ifdef SCULL_DEBUG /* use proc only if debugging */
scull_remove_proc();
#endif
/* cleanup_module is never called if registering failed */
//[第一个设备的设备号，个数]
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, scull_nr_devs);
/* and call the cleanup functions for friend devices */
//scull_p_cleanup();
//scull_access_cleanup();
}
/*
* Set up the char_dev structure for this device.
*/
static void scull_setup_cdev(struct scull_dev *dev, int index)
{
int err, devno = MKDEV(scull_major, scull_minor + index);
//inode :struct cdev *i_cdev;
cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &scull_fops);
dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
//四个i节点和四个设备编号关联起来
err = cdev_add (&dev->cdev, devno, 1);//四个设备一直在设备树里，每个设备只用一个设备编号
/* Fail gracefully if need be */
if (err)
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding scull%d", err, index);
}
int scull_init_module(void)
{
int result, i;
dev_t dev = 0;
printk(KERN_WARNING "[川] 繁华风雪盛，\n");
/*
parm: scull_p_nr_devs:int
parm: scull_p_buffer:int
parm: scull_major:int
parm: scull_minor:int
parm: scull_nr_devs:int
parm: scull_quantum:int
parm: scull_qset:int
*/
printk(KERN_WARNING "[川] scull_major=%d,scull_minor=%d,scull_nr_devs=%d,scull_quantum=%d,scull_qset=%d\n",
scull_major,scull_minor,scull_nr_devs,scull_quantum,scull_qset);
/*
* Get a range of minor numbers to work with, asking for a dynamic
* major unless directed otherwise at load time.
*/
//[60,0] [60,1] [60,2] [60,3]
if (scull_major) {
dev = MKDEV(scull_major, scull_minor);
result = register_chrdev_region(dev, scull_nr_devs, "scull");//一个范围的设备集合
}
//[x,0] [x,1] [x,2] [x,3]
else {
result = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, scull_minor, scull_nr_devs,"scull"); //已经分配的第一个设备的设备号，次设备号从scull_minor开始
scull_major = MAJOR(dev);
}
if (result < 0) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "scull: can't get major %d\n", scull_major);
return result;
}
else{
printk(KERN_WARNING "[川]第1个设备(共%d个):(%d,%d)\n", scull_nr_devs,scull_major,scull_minor);
}
/*
* allocate the devices -- we can't have them static, as the number
* can be specified at load time
*/
scull_devices = kmalloc(scull_nr_devs * sizeof(struct scull_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!scull_devices) {
result = -ENOMEM;
goto fail; /* Make this more graceful */
}
memset(scull_devices, 0, scull_nr_devs * sizeof(struct scull_dev));
/* Initialize each device. */
for (i = 0; i < scull_nr_devs; i++) {
scull_devices[i].quantum = scull_quantum;
scull_devices[i].qset = scull_qset;
mutex_init(&scull_devices[i].lock);
scull_setup_cdev(&scull_devices[i], i);
}
/* At this point call the init function for any friend device */
/*
dev = MKDEV(scull_major, scull_minor + scull_nr_devs);
dev += scull_p_init(dev);
dev += scull_access_init(dev);
*/
#ifdef SCULL_DEBUG /* only when debugging */
scull_create_proc();
#endif
return 0; /* succeed */
fail:
scull_cleanup_module();
return result;
}
module_init(scull_init_module);
module_exit(scull_cleanup_module);
增量编译
之前已经编译过内核了，现在只是多编译一个drivers/ldd3/scull/main.c而已
第一次添加模块ldd3，需要再次完整编译;之后修改main.c，就是增量编译了
cd linux-4.14.331
cat .config | grep CONFIG_STATIC 为空，代表我们需要更新.config
make mrproper是一个命令，用于删除内核源代码目录下的所有文件，包括以前进行过的内核功能选择文件和编译过程的目标文件（*.o）以及设置文件。这个命令通常只在第一次执行内核编译前才会使用，其他时候删除前一次编译残留文件，只需要使用make clean命令即可。
make clean
export ARCH=x86
make x86_64_defconfig (这一步报错，多数是换行符的问题，打一个enter就行)
make menuconfig：4.14.331就改这三个，高版本改的更多，到时候配置失败就难受了……
Kernel hacking --->
Compile-time checks and compiler options --->
[*] Compile the kernel with debug info
[*] Provide GDB scripts for kernel debuggin
Processor type and features ---->
[] Randomize the address of the kernel image (KASLR)
scull默认是打开的，不用管：
make -j $(nproc)
用vscode插件调试内核
1 把新的内核复制到外层目录
cp linux-4.14.331/arch/x86_64/boot/bzImage ./
cp linux-4.14.331/vmlinux ./
2启动qemu
qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel bzImage -hda rootfs.ext4 -hdb shadisk.img -append "root=/dev/sda console=ttyS0" -s -S -smp 1 -nographic
3 点击，运行与调试，启动绿色三角形调式
4 qemu继续运行，启动过程里，加载ldd3模块，有打印
调试scull_init_module
点击停止调试按钮，qemu也自动退出了
1重新启动
qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel bzImage -hda rootfs.ext4 -hdb shadisk.img -append "root=/dev/sda console=ttyS0" -s -S -smp 1 -nographic
2 scull_init_module用红点的方式直接打断点
3 点击，运行与调试，启动绿色三角形调式
4 触发断点，可以单步这个函数
调试scull_cleanup_module
在调试scull_cleanup_module的基础上
在scull_cleanup_module上打断点->继续运行->poweroff
eeee，没触发，看来是手动安装模块，手动卸载模块才会触发;
现在是把模块编译进内核里
运行scull_write和scull_read
root登录虚拟机后：
1. mknod /dev/scull0 c 249 0 （不知道为什么有时复制失败，自己手打呢）
注意(249,0)分别是主设备号，跟次设备号
应该跟启动时模块注册的主设备号相同
搜索启动日志：[川]第1个设备(共4个):(249,0)
2 ls -l /dev/scull0
crw-r--r-- 1 root root 249, 0 Dec 8 09:28 /dev/scull0
3 echo woshisb > /dev/scull0
//调用驱动，触发断点，见下
4 cat /dev/scull0
//写完之后，可以再读一下
//shell命令和内核的打印混合在一起了
调试scull_read
加断点，再运行一次cat /dev/scull0即可
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